In 2012, the Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) was revised to align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), replacing varied Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) with a uniform 16‑section Safety Data Sheet (SDS).
This standardized layout places signal words, hazard pictograms, and first‑aid information in predictable locations, helping teams locate critical details quickly while maintaining consistent compliance.
History Behind MSDS and the Transition to SDS in the US
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) first came into existence in the 1960s under the maritime Industry. This was later adopted under OSHA around 1983 as manufacturers sought to inform workers about chemical hazards. However, without a universal format, MSDS varied widely by supplier and region.
In response to global trade and safety concerns, the United Nations introduced the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) in 2003. Regulatory bodies worldwide, including OSHA in 2012, mandated that MSDS be replaced by GHS-aligned Safety Data Sheets (SDS) to standardize hazard communication and reduce workplace incidents.
MSDS vs SDS: Key Differences
| Aspect | MSDS | SDS |
|---|---|---|
| Format Consistency | Varied sections and sequence | Fixed 16-section structure |
| Signal Words & Icons | Often missing or inconsistently placed | Mandatory display of “Warning”/ “Danger” and GHS pictograms |
| Hazards, First-aid & PPE info | Location varies by document | Always in Sections 2, 4 and 8 |
| Regulatory Details | Scattered or omitted | Consolidated in Sections 12–15 |
| Update Tracking | Manual version control | Automated alerts and audit trails |
MSDS Format Challenges That Led to SDS Standardization
When MSDS differed in section order or terminology, locating emergency measures or exposure limits could take precious time. During incidents, teams wasted precious minutes locating first-aid instructions or exposure limits.
Fragmented file shares compounded version-control headaches, increasing the risk of using outdated or incomplete hazard data and prompting citations under HazCom rules.
How SDS Improves Safety and Compliance
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) follow a standardized 16 section format covering everything from identification and hazards to handling and regulatory details. This clear structure helps workers quickly find the right information whether it’s first-aid steps during an emergency or disposal procedures for compliance audits.
With each section in a fixed location, teams can act faster, reduce mistakes, and trust that the SDS is always up-to-date and compliant with the latest regulations.
Keeping Your SDS Accurate and Up to Date
The shift from inconsistent MSDS formats to the uniform 16-section SDS under GHS means every SDS must be current, accurate, and easily accessible. OSHA permits electronic storage of SDS as long as employees can access them instantly during their work shift.
Whether you're using a cloud-based SDS management system or paper binders, automated updates, version control, etc., help ensure your SDSs are always compliant with OSHA requirements.
Final Thoughts
Moving on from MSDS to GHS-aligned SDS makes hazard communication more cohesive and reliable for everyone. By grouping data logically, maintaining up-to-date sheets, improving accessibility, and embedding concise training, organizations can minimize errors, accelerate emergency responses, and uphold consistent compliance.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the main difference between MSDS and SDS?
The main difference is format consistency. SDS follows a standardized 16-section format under GHS, while MSDS varies in layout and content depending on the source.
2. Why was MSDS replaced by SDS?
MSDS was replaced by SDS to align with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS), ensuring consistent hazard communication and improving safety and compliance worldwide.
3. When did SDS become mandatory?
OSHA mandated the switch from MSDS to SDS in 2012 under the HazCom update, with full compliance required by June 1, 2015.
4. Do MSDS and SDS cover the same content?
Yes; SDSs reorganize the same hazard data into standardized categories for clarity and consistency .
5. What must appear on a GHS-aligned SDS?
Signal words, hazard pictograms, precautionary statements, plus grouped information on identification, hazards, handling, and regulations.
6. How often should SDS be reviewed?
At least annually, and immediately after any supplier or regulatory update.