ACEPHATE 750 SP

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

with the tongue drawn forward. First aid should include, if necessary, mouth-to-nose respiration, cardiac massage Toxicity class: and avoidance of injury in-patient with trauma. WHO III; EPA III Advice to physician: Atropine must be administrated as ADI 0.03 mg/kg early as possible and could save lives, if given in time and NOEL 1 mg/kg (rats and mice) - 2 year in an adequate dosage. Patients with organophosphate NIOSH 10 mg/m3 poisoning require amounts of atropine far in excess of Main Hazard: This compound inhibits cholinesterase doses usually employed in medical practice. The enzyme activity in the nervous tissue. It is highly toxic. therapeutic objective is to achieve atropinisation, as Contact with skin, inhalation of spray, or swallowing may evidenced by dilation of the pupils, drying secretion, pulse be fatal. rate of over 120/minutes, and flushing skin. To prevent gastrointestinal absorption in unconscious that have Extinguish fires with carbon dioxide, dry powder, or swallowed this product, perform stomach lavage using alcohol-resistant foam. Water spray can be used for bicarbonate solution and activated charcoal. cooling of unaffected stock, but avoid water coming in In less severe cases begin with 2 mg atropine contact with the product. Contain water used for fire intravenously for adults or 0.05 mg atropine/kg body fighting for later disposal. Avoid the accumulation of weight intravenously for children under 12 years of age polluted run-off from the site. and repeat administration of the drug at 15 to 30 minutes Fire-fighting: Remove spectators from surrounding area. intervals. Remove container from fire area if possible. Fight fire from In severe cases a total atropine dose of 20 to 80 mg in the maximum distance. For massive fire, use unmanned hose first hour may be necessary, with repeated drug holder or monitor nozzles. Contain fire control agents for administrations at 3 to 10 minutes intervals. When signs of later disposal. Use a recommended extinguishing agent atropinisation appear, the dose and frequency of for the type of surrounding fire. Water can be used to cool administration should be reduced to a schedule that will unaffected containers but must e contained for later maintain full atropinisation for at least 24 hours. disposal. Avoid inhaling hazardous vapours. Keep Overdosage with atropine is rarely serious, but upwind. underdosage may be fatal in poisoning with Special Hazards: Fire may produce irritating or organophosphorous compounds. poisonous vapours (phosphorus oxides), mists or other In any severe progressive case of poisoning a products of combustion. cholinesterase reactivator e.g. pralidoxine (2PAM), if Personal protective equipment: Fire fighters and others available, should be administered, preferably within 8 that may be exposed should wear full protective clothing hours after intoxication. An average dose is 1 g for an and self-contained breathing apparatus. adult (up to 50 mg/kg for children), usually given half as a single intramuscular or intravenous injection and the other 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES (SPILLAGE) half as an intravenous infusion with glucose and or saline. In severe cases this treatment may be repeated in 1 to 2 Personal precautions: Do not inhale dust, fumes or hours, then at 10 to 12 hour intervals if needed, but not vapours. Ventilate area of spill or leak, especially confined beyond 24 hours, or 48 hours at the most. Pralidoxime areas. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothes. For should be administered very slowly. If respiration is personal protection see Section 8. depressed during or after pralidoxime injection, pulmonary Environmental precautions: Do not allow entering ventilation should be assisted mechanically. drains or watercourses. When the product contaminates Toxogonin is a more recent cholinesterase reactivator. It public waters, report immediately to the Police and to the can be administrated instead of 2PAM at a dose of 250 mg Department of Water/Environmental Affairs. intramusculary for adults (4 to 8 mg/kg for children) and, if Occupational spill: Do not touch damaged containers or necessary, repeated after 1 to 2 hours. spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective Diazepam should be included in the therapy of severe clothing. Stop leak if you can do so without any risk. cases and whenever convulsions appear. Doses of 5 to Prevent entry of substance into waterways, sewers, 10 mg for adults (2 to 5 mg for children) can be basements or confined areas. administered intravenously or subcutaneously or per Absorb or cover spill with dry earth, sand or suitable non- rectum, and repeated as required. combustible absorbent material, and place into containers IMPORTANT for subsequent disposal. Thoroughly wash body areas, Because of their respiratory-depressant effects, morphine which come into contact with the product. Avoid runoff to and similar drugs are contraindicated for patients poisoned sewer as it may cause fire/explosion. Do not allow the with organophosporous compounds. Avoid product to come in contact with water systems. Contain aminoglycosides and succinylcholine, which have a spillage and contaminated water for subsequent disposal. blocking effect on the neuromuscular junction. Do not flush spilled material into drains. Keep spectators Phenothiazines, reserpine and theophylline are away and upwind. Do not get water inside the containers. contraindicated in organophosphorous poisoning. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS 5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES Handling: Remove sources of naked flame or sparks. Fire/Explosion hazard: Harmful by inhalation or if swallowed. Avoid contact with Combustible material. Only slight fire and explosion hazard eyes and skin and inhalation of fumes. Use with adequate when exposed to heat or flame. Could burn, but does not ventilation. Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing ignite readily. gum, smoking or using the toilet. Operators should