Bakken Crude Oil4

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

Principle Routes of Exposure

Skin contact, skin absorption, eye contact, inhalation, ingestion Overview: Flammable liquid and vapor. Liquid and vapor may cause irritation or burns to eyes, nose, and throat. Inhalation of vapor may cause dizziness and drowsiness. Possible cancer hazard (benzene). Possible asphyxiation hazard (hydrogen sulfide and ethane). Wear personal protective equipment appropriate for the task. 1 028879 Flammability: Flammable liquid and vapor. Keep away from heat, sparks, flames, or other sources of ignition (such as static electricity, pilot lights, mechanical/electrical equipment). Stability:Stable under normal conditions. Avoid all sources of ignition.

Potential health effects

Acute Effects Ingestion: Ingestion may result in nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and central nervous system depression. Aspiration of liquid into the lungs must be avoided as even small quantities in the lungs can produce chemical pneumonitis, pulmonary edema/hemorrhage, and even death. Skin Contact: Prolonged and repeated contact may cause defatting and drying of the skin and can lead to irritation and/or dermatitis. Exposure to hot material may cause thermal burns. Eye Contact: Liquid or vapor contact may cause mild eye irritation, including stinging, watering, redness, and swelling. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may cause burning or tearing and visual disturbances at repeated exposures above the TLV. Inhalation: Prolonged or excessive exposure may cause irritation to the nose, throat, lungs, and respiratory tract and may lead to headache, nausea, drowsiness, fatigue, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, CNS depression, coma, and respiratory arrest.

Potential chronic health

Skin and eye irritation. May affect the respiratory and central nervous systems. Special Toxic Effects n-Hexane (CAS 110-54-3): Target Organs – Excess exposure to n-hexane can result in peripheral neuropathies. The initial symptoms are symmetrical sensory numbness and paresthesia of distal portions of the extremities. Motor weakness is typically observed in muscles of the toes and fingers but may also involve muscles of the arms, thighs, and forearms. The onset of these symptoms may be delayed for several months to a year after the beginning of exposure. The neurotoxic properties of n-hexane are potentiated by exposure to methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of n-hexane (>1,000 ppm) has resulted in decreased sperm count and degenerative changes in the testes of rats but not those of mice. Benzene (CAS 71-43-2): Carcinogenicity: Benzene is a known animal carcinogen and is known to produce leukemia in humans. Benzene has been identified as a human carcinogen by NTP IARC and