Lead metal (sheet)

Hazard statements (CLP)

H360FD, H362, H372

Code

Statements

H360FD

May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

number (if applicable) (% w/w) Lead 231-100-4 >99 Repr. 1A; H360FD: May damage fertility. May damage the unborn child. Lact.; H362: May cause harm to breast-fed children. STOT RE1; H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Copper 231-159-6 0.03-0.06 None Non-hazardous n/a remainder None impurities SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET RUBRIEK 4: First Aid Measures The measures below are unlikely to be relevant whilst lead is in its solid metallic state. However, they are relevant in the event of exposure to fumes, vapour or dust or oxidation products that may form on the surface 4.1 Description of first aid measures EYE CONTACT : Ensure that contact lenses are removed before rinsing eyes. Separate eyelids, wash the eyes thoroughly with water (15 min). Seek medical attention if irritation persists INHALATION : Move person to fresh air. Seek medical attention. SKIN CONTACT : Remove contaminated clothing. Wash skin immediately with soap and water. Seek medical attention if irritation persists. INGESTION : Rinse out mouth and give plenty of water to drink. Seek medical attention. 4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Clinical manifestations of lead poisoning include weakness, irritability, asthenia, nausea, abdominal pain with constipation, and anaemia. 4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatments needed Symptoms of poisoning may occur after several hours; seek medical attention. RUBRIEK 5: Firefighting Measures 5.1 Extinguishing media Water spray jet; Dry sand. Extinguishing media that must not be used for safety reasons: Full water jet; Foam. 5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture In case of fires, hazardous combustion gases are formed: Lead fumes; Lead oxide. 5.3 Advice for fire fighters Appropriate breathing apparatus may be required. Wear protective clothing. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET RUBRIEK 6: Accidental Release Measures 6.1 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid dust formation. Avoid contact with skin, eyes and clothing. See section 8 for further details. 6.2 Environmental precautions Do not discharge into the drains/surface waters/groundwater. In case of entry into waterways, soil or drains, inform the responsible authorities. 6.3 Methods and materials for containment and clearing up Collect mechanically (preferably in dry condition). Send in suitable containers for recovery or disposal. When picked up, treat material as prescribed under heading “Disposal considerations”. 6.4 References to other sections See sections 8 and 13 for further advice. RUBRIEK 7: Handling and Storage 7.1 Precautions for safe handling Provide good ventilation of working area (local exhaust ventilation, if necessary). The product is not combustible. 7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities No special measures required. Do not store together with foodstuffs. Do not store together with animal feedstocks. Do not store with acids or alkalis. Do not store with combustible materials. 7.3 Specific end uses(s) Specific Exposure Scenarios are included in an Annex to Section 16. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET RUBRIEK 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection 8.1 Control parameters 8.1.1 Human Toxicity values OELs - Lead and inorganic compounds (as Pb): Limit values – 8 hours Limit values – short term mg/m³ European Union 0.15 inhalable aerosol Austria 0.1 inhalable aerosol 0.4 inhalable aerosol Belgium 0.15 Denmark 0.05 inhalable aerosol 0.10 inhalable aerosol France 0.1 inhalable aerosol Germany (AGS) 0.1 inhalable aerosol Hungary 0.15 inhalable aerosol 0.60 inhalable aerosol 0.05 respirable aerosol 0.2 respirable aerosol Italy 0.15 inhalable aerosol Ireland 0.15 Poland 0.05 Spain 0.15 inhalable aerosol Sweden 0.1 inhalable aerosol 0.15 respirable aerosol Switzerland 0.1 inhalable aerosol 0.8 inhalable aerosol United Kingdom 0.15 Biological action levels, inorganic lead EU 70 µg/dL (Binding Limit Value) Germany 40 µg/dL 10 µg/dL (for woman, age below 45 years) [Suspended] UK 60 µg/dL 30 µg/dL (for woman of reproductive capacity) France 40 µg/dL 30 µg/dL (for woman of reproductive capacity) Ireland 70 µg/dL Spain 70 µg/dL SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET DN(M)ELs for workers (inorganic lead):

Principle Routes of Exposure

Descriptors DNEL/DMEL Most sensitive endpoint pattern (appropriate unit) Acute - systemic Dermal (mg/kg bw /day) NA NA effects Inhalation (mg/m3) NA Acute - local Dermal (mg/cm2) NA effects Inhalation (mg/m3) NA Long-term - Systemic (μg lead /dL NOAEL = 40 μg/dL 40 μg/dL Adult neurological function systemic effects blood) Developmental effect on NOAEL = 10 μg/dL 10 μg/dL foetus of pregnant women Long-term – Dermal (mg/cm2) NA local effects Inhalation (mg/m3) NA 8.1.2 Ecological toxicity values Reliable acute aquatic toxicity test results (tests conducted with soluble lead salts) Test organism Species Endpoint Value Algae Pseudokirchneriella 72h EC50 (pH>6.5-7.5) 52.0 mg Pb/L subcapitata 72h EC50 (pH<7.5-8.5) 233.1 mg Pb/L Invertebrates Daphnia magna 48h EC50 (pH>7.5-8.5) 107.5 mg Pb/L Ceriodaphnia dubia 48h EC50 (pH>5.5-8.5) 73.6 mg Pb/L Fish Oncorhynchus mykiss 96h LC50 (pH>6.5-8.5) 107.0 mg Pb/L Pimephales promelas 96h LC50 (pH>5.5-8.5) 194.2 mg Pb/L Listed values are for tests performed at most sensitive pH. Other organisms have also been evaluated in the chemical safety report. References are listed in section 16. Reliable chronic toxicity test results (tests conducted with soluble lead salts) Compartment Species Value (EC10, NOEC) Freshwater Hyalella azteca (42d, mortality) 8.2 mg Pb/L (dissolved lead) Marine water Mytilus trossolus (48h, developmental 9.2 mg Pb/L (dissolved lead) abnormalities) Freshwater sediment Tubifex tubifex (28d, reproduction) 573 mg Pb/kg dw Marine sediment Neanthes arenaneodentata (28d, growth) 680 mg Pb/kg dw Terrestrial (plants) Hordeum vulgare (yield based on root) 57 mg Pb/kg dw STP Micro-organisms Protozoan community (24h-LC10) 1.0 mg Pb/L (Protozoa) Listed reports are for most sensitive organisms. References are listed in section 16. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET The following Predicted No Effect Concentrations (inorganic lead) have been derived for the above environmental compartments: Compartment PNEC Value Freshwater 3.1 µg Pb/L (dissolved lead) Marine water 3.5 µg Pb/L (dissolved lead) Freshwater sediment (with/without bioavailability correction) 41.0/174.0 mg Pb/kg dw Marine water sediment 164.2 mg Pb/kg dw Soil 212.0 mg Pb/kg dw STP Micro-organisms 0.1 mg Pb/L 8.2 Exposure controls 8.2.1 Organisational measures Personal Hygiene: Ensure workers follow simple hygiene rules (e.g. do not bite nails and keep them cut short, avoid touching or scratching face with dirty hands or gloves); Ensure workers do not wipe away sweat with hands or arms; Ensure workers use disposable tissues rather than a handkerchief; Prohibit drinking, eating and smoking in production areas, or access to eating and non-production areas in working clothes; Ensure workers wash hands, arms, faces and mouths (but preferably shower) and change into clean clothing before entering eating areas; For high exposure workplaces, separate rooms for cleaning hands, removal of clothes, showers and clean clothes may be necessary; Ensure workers handle dirty working clothes with care; Allow no personal belongings to be taken into production areas, or items that have been used in production areas to be taken home. Ensure general shop cleanliness is maintained by frequent washing/vacuuming. Clean every workplace at the end of every shift. Blood lead monitoring: Set in place a certified monitoring regime which covers all site activities; Define a policy for submitting workers to regular blood lead monitoring, including increased frequency for workers undertaking high-risk jobs and workers with elevated blood lead levels; Ensure all workers have a blood test prior to working on site. Set an “action level” that is typically 5 µg/dL below the exposure limit deemed to be safe. If the action level is exceeded, appropriate measures are to be taken, to prevent further increases in blood lead. If the safe threshold is exceeded, continue or begin ban on overtime, ensure strict hygiene procedures are followed, undertake detailed inspections to ensure correct use of personal protective equipment, undertake detailed inspections to ensure recommended workplace procedures are followed, move employee to workplace where exposure is expected to be lower or remove from lead environment altogether, further increase blood lead sampling frequency, and continue frequent sampling until results are below the first action level. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET 8.2.2 Personal Protection Equipment Respiratory protection: Suitable respiratory protective device recommended if work activity is likely to result in formation of lead fumes, vapours or dust. In case of brief or low level exposure use dust mask or half mask with particle filter P2. Assess the need to wear respiratory protective equipment in production areas. Consider use effective masks accompanied by a compliance policy (ensure proper shaving; ensure workers do not remove RPE in production areas in order to communicate). Where masks are used, employ formal mask cleaning and filter changing strategies. Hand Protection Protective gloves. Material of gloves Neoprene or Leather Eye protection: Safety glasses. Skin protection: Wear protective work clothing. For workers in areas of significant exposure, provide sufficient working clothes to enable daily change into clean clothes. In such cases all work clothing should be cleaned by the employer on a daily basis and is not permitted to leave the work site. 8.2.3 Environmental Protection One or more of the following measures may if necessary be taken to reduce emissions to water: • Chemical precipitation: used primarily to remove the metal ions • Sedimentation • Filtration: used as final clarification step • Electrolysis: for low metal concentration • Reverse osmosis: extensively used for the removal of dissolved metals • Ion exchange: final cleaning step in the removal of heavy metal from process wastewater One or more of the following measures may if necessary be taken to reduce emissions to air: • Electrostatic precipitators using wide electrode spacing: Wet electrostatic precipitators: • Cyclones, but as primary collector Fabric or bag filters: high efficiency in controlling fine particulate (melting): achieve emission values Membrane filtration techniques can achieve • Ceramic and metal mesh filters. PM10 particles are removed • Wet scrubbers Lead removal from treatment works should be at least the minimum default 84% removal used in the CSR. Solid material collected from on-site treatment must be sent for metal recovery or treated as hazardous waste. Waste water treatment sludge must be recycled, incinerated or landfilled and not used as agricultural fertiliser. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET RUBRIEK 9: Physical and Chemical Properties 9.1 Information on basic physical and chemical properties

Appearance/Odor

Grey-blue solid None Odour threshold Not applicable pH Not applicable Melting point 326°C Boiling point >600°C Flashpoint Not applicable Evaporation rate Not applicable Flammability Not flammable Upper/lower flammability limits Not applicable Vapour pressure Not applicable Vapour density Not applicable Relative density 11.45 Solubility in water 185 mg/L at 20°C Solubility in other solvents Not applicable Partition coefficient (log Kow) Not applicable Autoignition temperature Not applicable Decomposition temperature Not applicable Viscosity Not applicable Explosive properties Not explosive Oxidising properties Not oxidising 9.2

Further information

None. SAFETY DATA SHEET LEAD SHEET RUBRIEK 10: Stability and Reactivity 10.1 Reactivity Lead is not a reactive substance and no reactive hazards are expected. 10.2 Chemical stability Expected to be stable under normal conditions of use. 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions No hazardous reactions expected under normal conditions of use. 10.4 Conditions to avoid Not applicable. 10.5 Incompatible materials Strong oxidizing agents. 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products No decomposition if used as directed. RUBRIEK 11: Toxicological Information