PROFENFOS Insecticide

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

Toxicity class: WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II Profenofos is a compound, which inhibits cholinesterase enzyme activity in the nervous tissue. It is considered harmful. Contact with skin, inhalation of fume or spray, or swallowing may be fatal. Very toxic to fish, daphnia and algae. Very toxic to bees. Toxic to birds.

Principle Routes of Exposure

May be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, through the intact skin, and through inhalation of fine spray mist. Eye contact: Irritating to eyes. Skin contact: Harmful, due to possible absorption. Irritating to skin. May cause sensitization by skin contact. Ingestion: Toxic by ingestion. See point 4 for symptoms. Inhalation: Toxic by inhalation depends on volatility of compound. See point 4 for symptoms. 4. FIRST AID MEASURES AND PRECAUTIONS 4. FIRST AID MEASURES AND PRECAUTIONS Poisoning Emergency telephone numbers Griffon Poison Information Centre +27 82 446 8946 Poisons Information Centre +27 861 555 777 Villa Crop Protection Emergency number National Safety, Health and Environmental Manager +27 63 698 0668 The clinical picture of organophosphorus intoxication results from accumulation of acetylcholine at nerve endings. The symptoms can be summarized in three groups as follows a) Muscarinic - increased bronchial secretion, excessive sweating, 2. COMPOSITION / INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS salivation, and lacrymation; - pinpoint pupils, bronchoconstriction, abdominal Common Name Profenofos Chemical Name O-4-bromo-2-chlorophenyl O-ethyl S- propyl phosphorothioate (IUPAC) CAS No. 41198-08-7 Chemical family Organophosphate Chemical formula C11H15BrClO3PS (Mol. wt. 373.6) Use Non-systemic insecticide and acaricide with contact and stomach action. Exhibits a translaminar effect. Have ovicidal properties. Formulation Profenofos 500 g/l Emulsifiable Concentrate Hazardous Component Profenofos Symbols Xn Risk-Phrases R 10–20/21-34/36/37/38/65 cramps (vomiting and diarrhoea); - bradycardia. b) Nicotinic manifestations - fasciculation of fine muscles and, in more severe cases, of diaphragm and respiratory muscles; - tachycardia. c) Central nervous system manifestations - headache, dizziness, restlessness, and anxiety; - mental confusion, convulsions, and coma; - depression of the respiratory center. All these symptoms can occur in different combinations and can vary in time of onset, sequence, and duration, depending on the chemical, dose, and route of exposure. Mild poisoning might include muscarinic and nicotinic signs only. Severe cases always show central nervous system involvement; the clinical picture is dominated by 3. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION respiratory failure, sometimes leading to pulmonary oedema, due to the combination of the above-mentioned Toxicity class: WHO (a.i.) II; EPA (formulation) II symptoms. Clinical diagnosis is relatively easy and is based on a) medical history and circumstances of exposure; b) presence of several of the above-mentioned symptoms, in particular, bronchoconstriction and pinpoint pupils not reactive to the light. Pulse rate is not of diagnostic value, because the Ache effects on the heart reflect the complex innervation of this organ. On the other hand, since respiration is not depressed, administer medicinal charcoal in a large quantity of water. Never give anything changes in the conduction and excitability of the heart by mouth to an unconscious person. Establish and might be life threatening, monitoring should be performed. Symptoms of profenofos intoxication are the one of cholinesterase inhibition and can include headache, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, cramps, diarrhea, discomfort in the chest, nervousness, sweating, tearing, salivation, pulmonary oedema, convulsion, coma. If maintain airway. Treat respiratory difficulty with artificial respiration and oxygen. Do not give morphine, aminophylline, phenothiazines, reserpine, furosemide, or ethacrynic acid. Treat symptomatically and supportively. Qualified medical personnel must perform administration of oxygen and lavage. swallowed and aspirated into the lungs, chemical Advice to physician pneumonia can occur. Atropine must be administered as early as possible and in Depending on severity of poisoning these symptoms an adequate dosage. Patients with organophosphate become worse with the onset of vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, sweating and salivation. Confusion, ataxia, slurred speech, loss of reflexes are some of the central nervous system effects may lead to misdiagnosis of acute alcoholism. First Aid: Remove the affected person from the danger zone to a well-ventilated room or to fresh air, and keep-affected person warm and at rest. In the case of suspected poisoning; immediately call a physician. The airway should be kept clear to maintain respiration, particularly when the patient is unconscious or has vomited. The mouth and pharynx should be cleared and dentures removed. The jaw should be supported and the patient placed in a face down position with the head down and turned to one side, with the tongue drawn forward. First aid should include, if necessary, mouth-to-nose respiration, cardiac massage and avoidance of injury in patients with trauma. Emergency personnel should wear gloves and avoid contamination. Inhalation poisoning require amounts of atropine far in excess of doses usually employed in medical practice. The therapeutic objective is to achieve atropinisation, as evidenced by dilation of the pupils, drying secretion, pulse rate of over 120/min and flushing skin. To prevent gastrointestinal absorption in the unconscious that have swallowed this product, perform stomach lavage using 5% sodium bicarbonate followed by activated charcoal. Establish and maintain airway and tissue oxygenation by aspiration of secretions. Administer atropine sulfate intravenously, or intramuscularly if IV injection is not possible. In moderately severe poisoning administer atropine sulfate, 0.4-2.0 mg repeated every 15 minutes until atropinization is achieved (tachycardia, flushing, dry mouth, mydriasis). Maintain atropinization by repeated doses for 2-12 hours, or longer, depending on the severity of poisoning. Severely poisoned individuals may exhibit remarkable tolerance to atropine. Two or more times the dosage suggested above may be needed. In case of severe poisoning by organophosphate pesticides in which respiratory depression, muscle Maintain airway and blood pressure and administer weakness and twitchings are severe, give pralidoxime oxygen if necessary. Treat symptomatically and (Protopam-ayerst, 2-PAM), 1.0 gram intravenously at no supportively. Qualified personnel should perform more than 0.5 gram per minute. Dosage of pralidoxime administration of oxygen. Seek medical advice may be repeated in 1-2 hours, then at 10-12 hour intervals immediately. Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing, shoes and leather goods immediately. Gently wipe of excess chemical. Wash skin gently and thoroughly with water and non-abrasive soap, followed by alcohol. Seek medical advice if necessary. if needed. In very severe poisonings, dosage rate may be doubled. Toxogonin is a more recent cholinesterase reactivator. It can be administered instead of 2PAM at a dose of 250 mg intramusculary for adults (4 to 8 mg/kg for children) and, if necessary, repeat after 1 to 2 hours. Persons who become sensitized may require specialized Diazepam should be included in the therapy of severe medical management with anti-inflammatory agents. Eye contact: Immediately flush eyes with gently flowing cold water or saline solution for 15 to 20 minutes, holding the eyelid(s) open. Seek medical attention immediately. Ingestion cases and whenever convulsions appear. Doses of 5 to 10 mg for adults (2 to 5 mg for children) can be administered intravenously or subcutaneously or per rectum, and repeated as required. NOTE Because of their respiratory-depressant effects, morphine Have victim rinse mouth thoroughly with water. Do not and similar drugs are contra-indicated for patients induce vomiting, due to the aromatic solvent. Seek medical advice immediately. If the person is alert and poisoned with organophosphorous compounds. Avoid aminoglycosides and succinylcholine, which have a blocking effect on the neuromuscular junction. Phenothiazines, reserpine and theophylline are contraindicated in organophosphorous poisoning. apparatus. If safe disposal is not possible, contact the manufacturer, the dealer or local representative. 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE REQUIREMENTS