LACQUER THINNER A-430

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

OSHA EMERGENCY OVERVIEW PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: Clear, water-white liquid. IMMEDIATE CONCERNS: WARNING! Flammable liquid and vapor. Harmful or fatal if swallowed. Vapor harmful. May cause central nervous system depression. May be irritating to eyes and skin.

Potential health effects

EYES: Liquid is moderately irritating to the eyes. High vapor concentrations may also be irritating. Direct contact with the liquid or exposure to its vapors or mists may cause stinging, tearing, redness. SKIN: Liquid is mildly irritating to the skin. Prolonged or repeated contact can result in defatting and drying of the skin which may result in skin irritation and dermatitis (rash). INGESTION: Liquid is moderately toxic and may be harmful if swallowed; may product CNS depression. Ingestion of product may result in vomiting; aspiration (breathing) of vomitus into the lungs must be avoided as even small quantities may result in aspiration pneumonitis. INHALATION: High concentrations may lead to central nervous system effects (drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, headaches, paralysis and loss of consciousness). SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF OVEREXPOSURE ACUTE TOXICITY: Early to moderate CNS depression may be evidenced by giddiness, headache, dizziness, and nausea; in extreme cases, unconsciousness and death may occur. Aspiration pneumonitis may be evidenced by coughing, labored breathing and cyanosis (bluish skin). In severe cases death may result.

Potential chronic health

Preexisting eye, skin and respiratory disorders may be aggravated by exposure to this product. Impaired function from preexisting disorders may be aggravated by exposure to this product. The following organs and/or organ systems may be damaged by overexposure to the material. Heart, kidney, liver, auditory system. In severe cases death may result. CARCINOGENICITY: Toluene is not known to be mutagenic or carcinogenic. However, the available human and experimental data are limited and insufficient to assess carcinogenic potential. Toluene is not listed as a carcinogen by NTP, IARC, or OSHA. Intentional abuse of toluene vapors has been linked to damage of brain, liver, kidney and to death. Many case studies involving abuse during pregnancy clearly indicate that toluene is a developmental toxicant. Developmental toxic effects comparable to those observed in humans have been seen in lab animals but the effects were generally associated with maternal toxicity. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY

Teratogenic Effects

Contains Methanol which has been established as a teratogen by inhalation. See Sec.11 for details.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Preexisting diseases in or history of ailments involving skin, central nervous system, liver and kidney.

Principle Routes of Exposure

Inhalation, skin absorption, skin contact, eye contact TARGET ORGAN STATEMENT: Overexposure to this material (or its components) has been suggested as a cause of the following effects in laboratory animals: mild, reversible liver effects; mild, reversible kidney effects; nasal damage. SENSITIZATION: While there is no evidence that industrially acceptable levels of toluene vapors (e.g., the TLV) have produced cardiac effects in humans, animal studies have shown that inhalation of high levels of toluene produced cardiac sensitization. Such sensitization may cause fatal changes in heart rhythms. This latter effect was shown to be enhanced by hypoxia or the injection of adrenalinlike agents. Prolonged and repeated exposures to high concentrations of toluene have resulted in hearing loss in laboratory rats. While the effect of solvents on the human auditory system is uncertain, solvent abusers exposed to high doses of toluene show signs of hearing loss, and occupational exposure to toluene may interact with noise in causing hearing loss in the work environment. The effects of solvents on human hearing are uncertain. Solvent abusers and noise interaction with toluene in the work environment may cause signs of hearing loss. COMMENTS HEALTH: Laboratory studies have shown that harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. Possible risks of irreversible effects.

Health hazards

Light hydrocarbons like this one have been associated with cardiac sensitization in abuser situations. Hypoxia or the injection of adrenaline-like substances enhances these effects.