ALSAN TRAFIK HP 530

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

DANGER Highly flammable liquid and vapour. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Harmful if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory irritation or drowsiness or dizziness. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS) through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled. May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames and hot surfaces. No smoking. Use explosion proof electrical equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Do not eat or drink when using this product. Avoid breathing vapours. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves, eye protection and an organic vapour respirator. Contaminated work clothing must not be allowed out of the workplace. Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Keep cool. Store locked up. Dispose of container in accordance with local, regional and national regulations. SECTION III: COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS NAME CAS # % WEIGHT EXPOSURE LIMIT (ACGIH) TLV-TWA TLV-STEL Light aromatic solvent naphtha (C8 to C10) 64742-95-6 10-30 Not established Propyleneglycol methylethyl acetate (PGMEA) 108-65-6 3-7 50 ppm Not established Toluene 108-88-3 3-7 20 ppm Not established Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1- 59719-67-4 3-7 Not established Methylethyl)-3- oxazolidinyl] ethyl] ester Not established Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite 26523-78-4 0.5-1.5 Not established Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) 26471-62-5 0.1-1 0.001 ppm 0.005 ppm Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate 4083-64-1 0.1-1 Not established Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) 4098-71-9 0,1-1 0.005 ppm Not established Effects of Short-Term (Acute) Exposure Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-Methylethyl)-3- oxazolidinyl] ethyl] ester: Harmful, and may cause sensitization by INHALATION inhalation. Based on the available properties of the isocyanate content Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Forms high vapour concentration at of this product, respiratory exposure may cause acute irritation and/or normal temperatures. Mists or vapours can probably cause headache, sensitization of the respiratory system, resulting in asthmatic nausea, dizziness, reduced concentration, incoordination and other symptoms, wheezing and a tightness of the chest. Sensitized persons symptoms of CNS depression. There is no specific human or animal may subsequently show asthmatic symptoms when exposed to airborne information, but these effects have been observed in animals and concentrations of isocyanates well below the occupational exposure humans exposed to comparable materials. (1) limit. Repeated exposure may lead to permanent respiratory disability. PGMEA: PGMEA is not expected to cause any effects based on the Exposure to organic vapours may result in adverse health effects, low concentration level of this chemical in the product. Based on the especially when used in confined / unventilated areas, such as irritation effect of the chemically-similar propylene glycol monomethyl ether of the mucus membrane and the respiratory system and adverse effects (PGME), irritation of the nose and throat from inhalation of propylene on the renal and CNS. Symptoms include headache, dizziness, fatigue, glycol monomethyl ether (PGMEA) vapour or mist would be muscular weakness, drowsiness and in extreme cases loss of expected. (1) consciousness. (2) Toluene : The main effect of inhaling toluene vapour is on the CNS. IPDI: Reports of occupational exposures to isophorone diisocyanate Symptoms are related to exposure concentration. At approximately 50 (IPDI) are restricted to spray painting operations. IPDI has a very low ppm, slight drowsiness and headache have been reported. Irritation of vapour pressure and airborne exposures are unlikely to occur unless the nose, throat and respiratory tract has occurred between 50 and 100 IPDI is heated or forms an aerosol or mist during spraying operations. ppm. Concentrations of about 100 ppm have caused fatigue and IPDI aerosol or mist can cause respiratory tract and mucous membrane dizziness; over 200 ppm have caused symptoms similar to drunkenness irritation. Typical symptoms include eye and nose irritation, dry or sore (giddiness), numbness, and mild nausea; over 500 have caused mental throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, confusion and incoordination. (1) wheezing and laryngitis. Coughing with chest pain or tightness may also occur, frequently at night. These symptoms may occur during Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate: Contact with eyes can cause severe exposure or may be delayed several hours. Short (1 to 5 minutes) damage. (2) exposures of volunteers to IPDI aerosol levels of 0.64 mg/m³ caused Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite: May cause eye irritation. (2) slight throat irritation. Aerosol levels of 1.37 mg/m³ caused unbearably strong nose and throat irritation. At 0.25 mg/m³, the odour was hardly TDI: Liquid TDI can cause watering of the eyes, severe irritation and perceptible. High aerosol concentrations could cause inflammation of possible clouding of the cornea. Exposure to high TDI vapour the lungs (chemical pneumonitis), chemical bronchitis with severe concentrations can lead to formation of solid particles in the eye fluid asthma-like wheezing, severe coughing spasms and accumulation of which can cause mechanical irritation hours after exposure. (1) fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema) which could prove fatal. INGESTION Symptoms of pulmonary oedema may not appear until several hours Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Animal toxicity information indicates after exposure and are aggravated by physical exertion. Some people that this product is not very toxic following ingestion. Ingestion of may become sensitized to IPDI. (1) large amounts would produce symptoms of CNS depression, as Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate: Isocyanate vapour/mists at described in “Inhalation” above. Like other petroleum distillates, it may concentration above the exposure limits can irritate (burning sensation) cause an aspiration hazard. If it is drawn into the lungs during ingestion the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract. (2) or vomiting, it could cause a potentially life-threatening accumulation of fluid (pulmonary oedema). Ingestion is not a typical route of TDI: Short-term exposure to isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate occupational exposure. (1) (TDI), can cause respiratory and mucous membrane irritation at vapour levels of 0.05 ppm and above. Symptoms include eye and nose Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-Methylethyl)-3- irritation, dry or sore or burning throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, oxazolidinyl] ethyl] ester: May cause discomfort and risk of lung wheezing and laryngitis. Coughing with chest pain or tightness may damage if vomiting results. (2) also occur, frequently at night. These symptoms may occur during IPDI: There have been no reports of people ingesting IPDI and exposure or may be delayed for several hours. High exposures could ingestion is unlikely to occur in the workplace. Animal studies indicate cause inflammation of the lung tissue (chemical pneumonitis), chemical that IPDI has low oral toxicity. Ingestion could cause irritation of the bronchitis with severe asthma-like wheezing, severe coughing spasms tissues of the mouth, throat and digestive tract. (1) and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema), which could prove fatal. Symptoms of pulmonary oedema may not appear Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate: May cause severe irritation of the until several hours after exposure and are aggravated by physical mouth, oesophagus and stomach. (2) exertion. Effects such as euphoria, muscle incoordination and loss of TDI: TDI is not expected to be toxic if ingested based on animal consciousness have been reported after a single severe exposure to TDI. toxicity values. Swallowing TDI could cause irritation and corrosion of Headache, difficulty in concentration, poor memory and confusion may the tissues lining the mouth, throat and stomach. Ingestion is not a persist for up to 4 years. (1) typical route of occupational exposure. (1) SKIN CONTACT Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Is probably not a skin irritant, based Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure on animal information. There is no human information available. (1) SKIN CONTACT Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-Methylethyl)-3- Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Repeated or prolonged contact may oxazolidinyl] ethyl] ester: May cause sensitization by skin contact. (2) cause red, dry, itchy, scaling skin (dermatitis). (1) IPDI: Liquid IPDI can cause severe skin irritation. Prolonged contact SKIN SENSITIZATION can cause severe inflammation with redness, rash, swelling and IPDI: IPDI is a very strong sensitization agent. Sensitization may occur after a single exposure or develop gradually over time. Symptoms blistering. Isocyanates, in general, can cause skin discolouration (staining) and hardening of the skin after repeated exposures. IPDI include a rash on the hands, arms, neck, face, chest or abdomen even caused severe skin irritation when applied to rabbit skin. IPDI is a very upon contact with a small amount of IPDI. Other effects such as coughing, a burning sensations in the throat, or redness and swelling of strong skin sensitizer. Skin sensitization may occur after only one contact with IPDI. (1) the eyes. In a case study, a single 1-hour exposure to IPDI caused a rash in 3 of 4 workers. Only one worker had previous contact with Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate: Skin irritant. (2) IPDI, the rest had worked with TDI and MDI (suggesting cross- Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite: Causes skin irritation. (2) sensitization). Cross-sensitivity has been shown to occur between IPDI and isophorone diamine (IPD). (1) TDI: Liquid TDI produces a marked inflammatory reaction. Prolonged or further contact can cause severe inflammation, redness, rash, Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite: May cause skin sensitization. (2) swelling, blistering and burns. Isocyanates, in general, can cause skin TDI: Repeated skin contact with TDI has caused skin sensitization in discolouration (staining) and hardening of the skin after repeated humans, although the condition is not common. Once a person is exposures. Skin contact is not expected to result in the absorption of sensitized, contact with even a small amount of TDI can cause harmful amounts. Skin sensitization may occur in some individuals, but outbreaks of dermatitis with symptoms such as redness, rash, itching it is not common. TDI vapour and aerosols may also cause skin and swelling. This can spread from the hands or arms to the face and irritation. Usually, this only happens at levels higher than those that body. Some people who inhaled TDI developed extensive skin rashes cause respiratory effects. (1) that lasted 1-1.5 weeks. There was no direct skin contact with the EYE CONTACT liquid. (1) Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Is probably not an eye irritant, based RESPIRATORY SENSITIZATION on animal information (1) IPDI: In general, isocyanates are well known to cause respiratory Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-Methylethyl)-3- sensitization. There are two case reports of respiratory sensitization oxazolidinyl] ethyl] ester: May cause irritation. (2) caused by exposure to IPDI in spray paint. It has been suggested that IPDI is a weak respiratory sensitizer. Isocyanate respiratory IPDI: IPDI liquid, aerosol or mist can cause eye irritation. People sensitization is usually caused by a very large exposure, or by multiple exposed to IPDI aerosol levels of 0.64 mg/m³ experienced slight eye exposures. Although varying periods of exposure (1 day to years) may irritation, while aerosol levels of 1.37 mg/m³ caused strong eye elapse before sensitization occurs, it develops more often during the irritation. Liquid IPDI caused severe eye damage when applied to first few months of exposure. Sensitized individuals react to very low rabbit eyes. (1) levels of airborne isocyanates that have no effect on unsensitized people. At first, the symptoms may appear to be a cold or mild hay fever. However, severe asthmatic symptoms can develop and include wheezing, tightness of the chest, shortness of breath, difficulty Toluene: Inhalation of solvent such as toluene may cause nervous breathing and/or coughing. Fever, chills, general feelings of discomfort, system problems. Numerous studies of rotogravure printers, painters headache, and fatigue can also occur. Symptoms may occur and rubberized-matting workers with chronic exposure to toluene are immediately upon exposure (within an hour), several hours after inconclusive about chronic CNS damage. Some studies report changes exposure or both, and/or at night. Typically, the asthma improves with such as memory loss, sleep disturbances, loss of ability to concentrate, removal from exposure (e.g. weekends or vacations) and returns, in or incoordination, while others report no effects. Recent studies using some cases, in the form of an “acute attack”, on renewed exposure. sensitive neurobehavioral tests have shown altered scores for exposed Sensitized people who continue to be exposed to isocyanates at work workers but whether or not these indicate CNS damage is not clear. (1) may develop symptoms sooner after each exposure. The number and PGMEA: No human or animal information is available. severity of symptoms may increase. Following removal from isocyanate exposure, some sensitized people may continue to show a TARGET ORGANS slow decline in lung function and have persistent respiratory problems, Toluene: In two cases of acute occupational exposure of toluene, there such as chronic bronchitis for months or years. Others may recover were no blood disorders, liver or kidney damage. Historical reports of fully and gradually lose their sensitivity within several years. Cross- blood effects caused by toluene are more than likely due to benzene sensitization between different isocyanates may occur. Exposure to contamination. Liver and kidney effects, as well as heart disturbances, isocyanates is likely to aggravate individuals with existing respiratory have been reported in cases of solvent abuse (glue-sniffing). These disease, such as chronic bronchitis and emphysema. (1) extreme exposures are not relevant to occupational situations. Reversible kidney failure has resulted from a severe occupational Para-toluene sulfonyl-isocyanate: May cause sensitization by exposure in a paint factory. In epidemiological studies on workers inhalation. This product is a recognized allergen that can cause chronic exposed long-term to levels up to 200 ppm, there was no clear evidence respiratory obstructive airway diseases. (2) of kidney damage. Occupational exposure to up to 500 ppm toluene has TDI: Respiratory sensitization has developed in people working with not been associated with liver effects. There is some evidence to TDI. Sensitization is usually caused by a very large exposure, or by suggest that long-term exposure to toluene may affect hearing. multiple exposures. However, symptoms of sensitization have occurred However, the limited information available does not allow a conclusion in some workers exposed frequently to low levels of TDI (0.0003 to to be drawn. Although minor changes in blood parameters have been 0.03 ppm). Although varying periods of exposure (1 day to years) may observed, it is generally accepted that toluene does not cause significant elapse before sensitization occurs, it develops more often during the blood disorders. (1) first few months of exposure. Sensitized individuals react to very low PGMEA: No human or animal information is available. levels of TDI (below 0.001 ppm) that have no effect on unsensitized people. At first, the symptoms may appear to be a cold or mild hay CARCINOGENICITY fever. However, severe asthmatic symptoms can develop and include Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human or animal wheezing, chest tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing information available. The International Agency for Research on and/or coughing. Fever, chills, general feelings of discomfort, Cancer (IARC) has not evaluated the carcinogenicity of this chemical. headache, and fatigue can also occur. Symptoms may occur The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists immediately upon exposure (within an hour), several hours after (ACGIH) has no listing for this chemical. The US National Toxicology exposure or both, and/or at night. Typically, the asthma improves with Program (NTP) has not listed this chemical in its report on removal from exposure (e.g. weekends or vacations) and returns, in carcinogens. (1) some cases, in the form of an “acute attack”, on renewed exposure. PGMEA: No human or animal information is available. The IARC has Sensitized people who continue to work with TDI may develop not evaluated the carcinogenicity of these chemicals. The ACGIH has symptoms sooner after each exposure. The number and severity of no listing of these chemicals. The NTP has not listed these chemicals in symptoms may increase. Death has occurred in sensitized individuals its report on carcinogens. (1) accidentally exposed to relatively low concentrations of TDI. Animal studies indicate that respiratory sensitivity to TDI may result from Toluene: There have been several human population studies which dermal as well as inhalation exposures. Following removal from have examined the possible relationship between toluene exposure and exposure, some sensitized workers may continue to show a slow cancer. Cancers of most sites were not significantly associated with decline in lung function and have persistent respiratory problems such toluene exposure in any study. Stomach cancer mortality, lung cancer as asthmatic symptoms, chronic bronchitis and hypersensitivity to TDI rates and colorectal cancers were evaluated in some studies, but not for months or years. Others recover complete lung function within others. Considering the multiple exposures in most studies and the months if they have no further isocyanate exposure. TDI may also inconsistencies in findings, it is not possible to conclude that toluene cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis, another allergic lung disease, exposure is associated with cancer in humans. The IARC has concluded which is characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fever, there is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene in malaise, non-productive cough, and chills. Several studies have shown humans. There is evidence suggesting a lack of carcinogenicity to o- that long-term exposure to TDI at levels as low as 0.002-0.003 ppm toluene in experimental animals. The IARC has concluded that this may cause impaired lung function such as diminished respiratory chemical is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group capacity. Cross-sensitization between different isocyanates may occur. 3). The ACGIH has designated this chemical as not classifiable as a People sensitized to TDI have shown sensitization to methylene human carcinogen (A4). The NTP has not listed this chemical in its bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate report on carcinogens. (1) (HDI), where no previous exposure to MDI or HDI was known. IPDI: No human or animal information is available on the Exposure to isocyanates is likely to cause aggravation to individuals carcinogenicity of IPDI. The IARC has not evaluated the with existing respiratory disease, such as chronic bronchitis, and carcinogenicity of this chemical. The ACGIH has not assigned a emphysema. (1) carcinogenicity designation to this chemical. The NTP has not listed PGMEA, Toluene: No human or animal information is available. this chemical in its report on carcinogens. (1) NERVOUS SYSTEM TDI: The IARC has concluded that this chemical is possibly Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Long-term, high level exposure to carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). The ACGIH has designated this organic solvents has been associated with a condition called “organic chemical as not classifiable as a human carcinogen (A4). ACGIH has solvent syndrome”. Symptoms such as excessive fatigue, reduced published a Notice of Intended Change proposing that the memory, pain and numbness in the legs, arms, hands and feet and carcinogenicity designation be changed to A3 (animal carcinogen). The behavioural changes have been observed in some people with long- NTP has listed this chemical as reasonably anticipated to be a human term, high-level occupational exposure to organic solvents. (1) carcinogen. (1) TERATOGENICITY, EMBRYOTOXICITY, FETOTOXICITY irrelevant route of exposure (intraperitoneal) or there are insufficient Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human information details available for evaluation. (1) available. Harmful effects have been observed in the offspring of rats IPDI: No studies are available. (1) and mice exposed by inhalation, but only in the presence of maternal toxicity. (1) PGMEA: No human or animal information is available. PGMEA: Animal studies have shown that the chemically-similar TDI: It is not possible to conclude that TDI is mutagenic. There is no PGME has no teratogenic or embryotoxic effects. Thus, none are human information available. (1) expected for PGMEA. (1) TOXICOLOGICALLY SYNERGISTIC MATERIALS: Toluene: Toluene is a developmental toxicity hazard, based on Toluene: Exposure to other solvents such as benzene, xylene and information obtained from animal studies. Fetotoxicity (reduced foetal ethanol (alcohol) slows the rate of clearance of toluene from the body, weight), behavioural effects (effects on learning and memory) and thereby enhancing the toxicity of toluene. (1) hearing loss (in males) have been observed in the offspring of rats exposed by inhalation to 1 200 or 1 800 ppm of toluene. These effects IPDI, PGMEA, TDI: No human or animal information is available. (1) were observed in the absence of maternal toxicity. A detailed review of POTENTIAL FOR ACCUMULATION toluene and its potential to cause teratogenicity/embryotoxicity in Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Probably does not accumulate in the occupational situations has been published. This review concludes that body. In general, alkyl benzenes are metabolized in the liver and although many occupational studies have evaluated general solvent converted to substituted benzoic acids and phenols. Phenolic exposure in general or to some solvent classes, with toluene exposure compounds are subsequently metabolized and excreted in the urine. (1) addressed as a co-exposure or identified as a common exposure in a sub-group. Outcomes of concern included spontaneous abortion PGMEA: Does not accumulate. PGMEA is rapidly metabolized to (miscarriage) and teratogenicity (congenital malformations). Six studies PGME and acetic acid. Animal studies indicate that PGME is rapidly examined the association of toluene exposure with spontaneous metabolized and eliminated from the body. PGMEA was rapidly and abortions. Four of the six studies were performed on similar groups of extensively metabolized to propylene glycol monomethyl ether and Finnish workers, by the same group of researchers, which can reduce acetic acid (which is a normal body substance), and eliminated in the overall confidence in the conclusions. Despite this and other limitations same manner as propylene glycol monomethyl ether (in the expired air (e.g. recall bias, multiple chemical exposures), these studies do provide as carbon dioxide, in the urine and very small amounts in the feces). At evidence suggesting there may be an association between occupational very high doses of PGMEA, the acetic acid formed in the hydrolysis, toluene exposure and the occurrence of spontaneous abortions. may have adverse effects. (1) Nevertheless, further research is required before it will be possible to IPDI: Information about the absorption, metabolism and excretion of conclude that there is a causal relationship between toluene exposure IPDI is limited. Like other isocyanates, it probably does not and an increased incidence of spontaneous abortions. One study has accumulate. (1) reported an increased incidence particularly toluene. However, it is not possible to draw specific conclusions regarding toluene from this study, Toluene: Toluene is readily absorbed by inhalation or ingestion and because the toluene-specific results were based on a very small number tends to be deposited more in tissues that are fatty or have a rich blood supply (e.g. brain, liver, kidney, fat). There was no evidence of of workers who were exposed to multiple chemicals. Concerns about the potential teratogenicity of toluene in humans have also arisen due to accumulation in rats with repeated inhalation exposure to 300 ppm. effects (usually renal/urinary) seen in solvent abuse cases (glue- Toluene is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys in the sniffing). These extreme exposures to toluene, as well as other urine. It can also be exhaled unchanged. (1) confounding factors such as tobacco and alcohol abuse, are not relevant TDI: TDI probably does not accumulate in the body. It can enter the IPDI, TDI: No human or animal information is available. (1) body by inhalation or by ingestion. It is probably metabolized to toluenediamine, which is metabolized further and excreted. (1) REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human information