ALSAN TRAFIK HP 520

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

DANGER Highly flammable liquid and vapour. May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways. Harmful if swallowed. Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory irritation or drowsiness or dizziness. Causes skin irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. May cause damage to the central nervous system (CNS) through prolonged or repeated exposure if inhaled. May cause allergy or asthma symptoms or breathing difficulties if inhaled. May cause an allergic skin reaction. Obtain special instructions before use. Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood. Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames and hot surfaces. No smoking. Use explosion proof electrical equipment. Use only non-sparking tools. Take precautionary measures against static discharge. Do not eat or drink when using this product. Avoid breathing vapours. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. Wash hands thoroughly after handling. Wear protective gloves, eye protection and an organic vapour respirator. Contaminated work clothing must not be allowed out of the workplace. Store in a well- ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed. Keep cool. Store locked up. Dispose of container in accordance with local, regional and national regulations. SECTION III: COMPOSITION AND INFORMATION ON HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS NAME CAS # % WEIGHT EXPOSURE LIMIT (ACGIH) TLV-TWA TLV-STEL Light aromatic solvent naphtha (C8 to C10) 64742-95-6 10-30 Not established Toluene 108-88-3 7-13 20 ppm Not established Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1- 59719-67-4 1-5 Not established methylethyl)-3-oxazolidinyl]ethyl] ester Not established Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite 26523-78-4 0.5-1.5 Not established Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) 26471-62-5 0,1-1 0.001 ppm 0.005 ppm Para toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate 4083-64-1 0.1-1 Not established Effects of Short-Term (Acute) Exposure Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-methylethyl)-3- oxazolidinyl]ethyl] ester: Harmful, and may cause sensitization by INHALATION inhalation. Based on the available properties of the isocyanate content of Inhalation of vapours of toluene, light aromatic solvent naphtha and this product, respiratory exposure may cause acute irritation and/or isocyanates (TDI) can occur. The exposure to vapours of solvents such as sensitization of the respiratory system, resulting in asthmatic symptoms, toluene over exposure limits may cause irritation of the respiratory wheezing and a tightness of the chest. Sensitized persons may system and CNS depression (headaches, dizziness, nausea, tiredness, subsequently show asthmatic symptoms when exposed to airborne confusion and coma). TDI is a sensitizer and may cause severe allergic concentrations of isocyanates well below the occupational exposure limit. reaction (e.g. asthma, difficulty to breathe, angina). Repeated exposures Repeated exposure may lead to permanent respiratory disability. can lead to permanent respiratory disorders. Exposure to organic vapours may result in adverse health effects, Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Forms high vapour concentration at especially when used in confined / unventilated areas, such as irritation of normal temperatures. Mists or vapours can probably cause headache, the mucous membrane and the respiratory system and adverse effects on nausea, dizziness, reduced concentration, incoordination and other the renal and central nervous systems. Symptoms include headache, symptoms of CNS depression. There is no specific human or animal dizziness, fatigue, muscular weakness, drowsiness and in extreme cases information, but these effects have been observed in animals and humans loss of consciousness. (2) exposed to comparable materials. (1) TDI: Short-term exposure to isocyanates, such as toluene diisocyanate Toluene: The main effect of inhaling toluene vapour is on the CNS. (TDI), can cause respiratory and mucous membrane irritation at vapour Symptoms are related to exposure concentration. At approximately 50 levels of 0.05 ppm and above. Symptoms include eye and nose irritation, ppm, slight drowsiness and headache have been reported. Irritation of the dry or sore or burning throat, runny nose, shortness of breath, wheezing nose, throat and respiratory tract has occurred between 50 and 100 ppm. and laryngitis. Coughing with chest pain or tightness may also occur, Concentrations of about 100 ppm have caused fatigue and dizziness; over frequently at night. These symptoms may occur during exposure or may 200 ppm have caused symptoms similar to drunkenness (giddiness), be delayed for several hours. High exposures could cause inflammation numbness, and mild nausea; over 500 ppm have caused mental confusion of the lung tissue (chemical pneumonitis), chemical bronchitis with and incoordination. (1) severe asthma-like wheezing, severe coughing spasms and accumulation of fluid in the lungs (pulmonary oedema), which could prove fatal. Symptoms of pulmonary oedema may not appear until several hours after Para toluenesulfonyl isocyanate: May cause severe irritation of the exposure and are aggravated by physical exertion. Effects such as mouth, oesophagus and stomach. (2) euphoria, muscle incoordination and loss of consciousness have been reported after a single severe exposure to TDI. Headache, difficulty in Effects of Long-Term (Chronic) Exposure concentration, poor memory and confusion may persist for up to 4 RESPIRATORY SENSITIZATION years. (1) TDI: Respiratory sensitization has developed in people working with Para toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate: Isocyanate vapour/mists at TDI. Sensitization is usually caused by a very large exposure, or by concentration above the exposure limits can irritate (burning sensation) multiple exposures. However, symptoms of sensitization have occurred the mucous membranes in the respiratory tract. May cause sensitization in some workers exposed frequently to low levels of TDI (0.0003 to 0.03 by inhalation. (2) ppm). Although varying periods of exposure (1 day to years) may elapse before sensitization occurs, it develops more often during the first few SKIN CONTACT months of exposure. Sensitized individuals react to very low levels of Frequent or prolonged contacts can remove the natural fat from the skin TDI (below 0.001 ppm) that have no effect on unsensitized people. At and may cause redness, skin irritation and dermatitis. TDI is a sensitizer first, the symptoms may appear to be a cold or mild hay fever. However, and may cause severe allergic reaction (e.g. eczema). MEK can be severe asthmatic symptoms can develop and include wheezing, chest absorbed through the skin. (1) tightness, shortness of breath, difficulty breathing and/or coughing. Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Is probably not a skin irritant, based on Fever, chills, general feelings of discomfort, headache, and fatigue can also occur. Symptoms may occur immediately upon exposure (within an animal information. There is no human information available. (1) hour), several hours after exposure or both, and/or at night. Typically, the Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-methylethyl)-3- asthma improves with removal from exposure (e.g. weekends or oxazolidinyl]ethyl] ester: May cause sensitization by skin contact. (2) vacations) and returns, in some cases, in the form of an “acute attack”, on Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite: Causes skin irritation. (2) renewed exposure. Sensitized people who continue to work with TDI may develop symptoms sooner after each exposure. The number and TDI: Liquid TDI produces a marked inflammatory reaction. Prolonged or severity of symptoms may increase. Death has occurred in sensitized further contact can cause severe inflammation, redness, rash, swelling, individuals accidentally exposed to relatively low concentrations of TDI. blistering and burns. Isocyanates, in general, can cause skin Animal studies indicate that respiratory sensitivity to TDI may result discolouration (staining) and hardening of the skin after repeated from dermal as well as inhalation exposures. Following removal from exposures. Skin contact is not expected to result in the absorption of exposure, some sensitized workers may continue to show a slow decline harmful amounts. Skin sensitization may occur in some individuals, but it in lung function and have persistent respiratory problems such as is not common. TDI vapour and aerosols may also cause skin irritation. asthmatic symptoms, chronic bronchitis and hypersensitivity to TDI for Usually, this only happens at levels higher than those that cause months or years. Others recover complete lung function within months if respiratory effects. (1) they have no further isocyanate exposure. TDI may also cause Para toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate: Skin irritant. (2) hypersensitivity pneumonitis, another allergic lung disease, which is characterized by symptoms such as shortness of breath, fever, malaise, EYE CONTACT non-productive cough, and chills. Several studies have shown that long- Vapours or eye contact may cause eye irritation, redness and pain. term exposure to TDI at levels as low as 0.002-0.003 ppm may cause Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Is probably not an eye irritant, based on impaired lung function such as diminished respiratory capacity. Cross- sensitization between different isocyanates may occur. People sensitized animal information. (1) to TDI have shown sensitization to methylene bisphenyl isocyanate Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-methylethyl)-3- (MDI) and hexamethylene-1,6-diisocyanate (HDI), where no previous oxazolidinyl]ethyl] ester: May cause irritation. (2) exposure to MDI or HDI was known. Exposure to isocyanates is likely to Tris(nonylphenyl)phosphite: May cause eye irritation. (2) cause aggravation to individuals with existing respiratory disease, such as chronic bronchitis, and emphysema. (1) TDI: Liquid TDI can cause watering of the eyes, severe irritation and possible clouding of the cornea. Exposure to high TDI vapour Para toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate: May cause sensitization by inhalation. concentration can lead to formation of solid particles in the eye fluid This product is a recognized allergen that can cause chronic respiratory obstructive airway diseases. (2) which can cause mechanical irritation hours after exposure. (1) Para toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate: Contact with eyes can cause severe Toluene: No human or animal information is available. damage. (2) SKIN CONTACT INGESTION Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Repeated or prolonged contact may It is unlikely that toxic amounts of this product would be ingested with cause red, dry, itchy, scaling skin (dermatitis). (1) normal handling and use. If significant amount of the product were SKIN SENSITIZATION ingested, symptoms as described for inhalation might occur. This product TDI: Repeated skin contact with TDI has caused skin sensitization in may cause irritation, mouth and throat burns and abdominal pains. humans, although the condition is not common. Once a person is Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Animal toxicity information indicates sensitized, contact with even a small amount of TDI can cause outbreaks that this product is not very toxic following ingestion. Ingestion of large of dermatitis with symptoms such as redness, rash, itching and swelling. This can spread from the hands or arms to the face and body. Some amounts would produce symptoms of CNS depression, as described in “Inhalation” above. Like other petroleum distillates, it may cause an people who inhaled TDI developed extensive skin rashes that lasted 1-1.5 aspiration hazard. If it is drawn into the lungs during ingestion or weeks. There was no direct skin contact with the liquid. (1) vomiting, it could cause a potentially life-threatening accumulation of NERVOUS SYSTEM fluid (pulmonary oedema). Ingestion is not a typical route of occupational Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Long-term, high level exposure to exposure. (1) organic solvents has been associated with a condition called “organic Carbamic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbis-, bis [2-[2-(1-methylethyl)-3- solvent syndrome”. Symptoms such as excessive fatigue, reduced oxazolidinyl]ethyl] ester: May cause discomfort and risk of lung damage memory, pain and numbness in the legs, arms, hands and feet and if vomiting results. (2) behavioural changes have been observed in some people with long-term, high-level occupational exposure to organic solvents. (1) TDI: TDI is not expected to be toxic if ingested based on animal toxicity values. Swallowing TDI could cause irritation and corrosion of the Toluene: Inhalation of solvents such as toluene may cause nervous tissues lining the mouth, throat and stomach. Ingestion is not a typical system problems. Numerous studies of rotogravure printers, painters and route of occupational exposure. (1) rubberized-matting workers with chronic exposure to toluene are inconclusive about chronic CNS damage. Some studies report changes of concern included spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and such as memory loss, sleep disturbances, loss of ability to concentrate, or teratogenicity (congenital malformations). Six studies examined the incoordination, while others report no effects. Recent studies using association of toluene exposure with spontaneous abortions. Four of the sensitive neurobehavioral tests have shown altered scores for exposed six studies were performed on similar groups of Finnish workers, by the workers but whether or not these indicate CNS damage is not clear. (1) same group of researchers, which can reduce overall confidence in the conclusions. Despite this and other limitations (e.g. recall bias, multiple TDI: No human or animal information is available. chemical exposures), these studies do provide evidence suggesting there TARGET ORGANS may be an association between occupational toluene exposure and the Toluene: In two cases of acute occupational exposure of toluene, there occurrence of spontaneous abortions. Nevertheless, further research is were no blood disorders, liver or kidney damage. Historical reports of required before it will be possible to conclude that there is a causal blood effects caused by toluene are more than likely due to benzene relationship between toluene exposure and an increased incidence of contamination. Liver and kidney effects, as well as heart disturbances, spontaneous abortions. One study has reported an increased incidence of have been reported in cases of solvent abuse (glue-sniffing). These malformations (renal-urinary and gastrointestinal) in children born to extreme exposures are not relevant to occupational situations. Reversible women with a history of exposure to aromatic solvents, particularly kidney failure has resulted from a severe occupational exposure in a paint toluene. However, it is not possible to draw specific conclusions factory. In epidemiological studies on workers exposed long-term to regarding toluene from this study, because the toluene-specific results levels up to 200 ppm, there was no clear evidence of kidney damage. were based on a very small number of workers who were exposed to Occupational exposure to up to 500 ppm toluene has not been associated multiple chemicals. Concerns about the potential teratogenicity of toluene with liver effects. There is some evidence to suggest that long-term in humans have also arisen due to effects (usually renal/urinary) seen in exposure to toluene may affect hearing. However, the limited information solvent abuse cases (glue-sniffing). These extreme exposures to toluene, available does not allow a conclusion to be drawn. Although minor as well as other confounding factors such as tobacco and alcohol abuse, changes in blood parameters have been observed, it is generally accepted are not relevant to occupational situations.(1) that toluene does not cause significant blood disorders. (1) TDI: No human or animal information is available. (1) TDI: No human or animal information is available. REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY CARCINOGENICITY Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human information No ingredient of this product is reported to cause cancer. available. A three-generation study showed no consistent effects on reproductive parameters in rats, despite significant toxicity. (1) Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human or animal information available. The International Agency for Research on Cancer Toluene: No conclusions can be drawn based on the available human (IARC) has not evaluated the carcinogenicity of this chemical. The information. Reproductive effects have not been observed in animal American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) studies. A review of toluene and its potential to cause reproductive has no listing for this chemical. The US National Toxicology Program toxicity in workers has been published. Three cross-sectional studies (NTP) has not listed this chemical in its report on carcinogens. (1) evaluated fertility in women exposed to toluene or in the wives of exposed men. No conclusions can be drawn based on these studies, due Toluene: There have been several human population studies which have to limitations such as selection bias, recall bias, and the fact that the examined the possible relationship between toluene exposure and cancer. workers were exposed to other potentially harmful chemicals. Another Cancers of most sites were not significantly associated with toluene study suggests that menstrual function is not affected by exposure to exposure in any study. Stomach cancer mortality, lung cancer rates and toluene. Another report describes testicular atrophy and reduced colorectal cancers were evaluated in some studies, but not others. spermatogenesis in one man who abused toluene for 10 years. This Considering the multiple exposures in most studies and the extreme exposure situation is not relevant to occupational exposures. (1) inconsistencies in findings, it is not possible to conclude that toluene exposure is associated with cancer in humans. IARC has concluded there TDI: No human or animal information is available. is inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of toluene in humans. MUTAGENICITY There is evidence suggesting a lack of carcinogenicity to o-toluene in Light aromatic solvent naphtha: No report of mutagenicity in humans or experimental animals. IARC has concluded that this chemical is not human cell cultures was located. Consistently negative results have been classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3). ACGIH has obtained in studies using live animals, cultured mammalian cells and designated this chemical as not classifiable as a human carcinogen (A4). bacteria. (1) NTP has not listed this chemical in its report on carcinogens. (1) Toluene: Results from the available human studies are inconclusive. TDI: IARC has concluded that this chemical is possibly carcinogenic to Both positive and negative results have been obtained in human studies, humans (Group 2B). ACGIH has designated this chemical as not but no studies were carried out with toluene exposure only, or with classifiable as a human carcinogen (A4). ACGIH has published a Notice adequate control of other factors. Positive results have been obtained in of Intended Change proposing that the carcinogenicity designation be some studies using live animals, but the studies either used an irrelevant changed to A3 (animal carcinogen). NTP has listed this chemical as route of exposure (intraperitoneal) or there are insufficient details reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. (1) available for evaluation. (1) TERATOGENICITY, EMBRYOTOXICITY, FETOTOXICITY TDI: It is not possible to conclude that TDI is mutagenic. There is no Light aromatic solvent naphtha: There is no human information human information available. (1) available. Harmful effects have been observed in the offspring of rats and mice exposed by inhalation, but only in the presence of maternal TOXICOLOGICALLY SYNERGISTIC MATERIALS toxicity. (1) Toluene: Exposure to other solvents such as benzene, xylene and ethanol (alcohol) slows the rate of clearance of toluene from the body, thereby Toluene: Toluene is a developmental toxicity hazard, based on enhancing the toxicity of toluene. (1) information obtained from animal studies. Fetotoxicity (reduced foetal weight), behavioural effects (effects on learning and memory) and Light aromatic solvent naphtha, TDI: No human or animal information hearing loss (in males) have been observed in the offspring of rats is available. exposed by inhalation to 1 200 or 1 800 ppm toluene. These effects were POTENTIAL FOR ACCUMULATION observed in the absence of maternal toxicity. A detailed review of toluene Light aromatic solvent naphtha: Probably does not accumulate in the and its potential to cause teratogenicity/embryotoxicity in occupational body. In general, alkyl benzenes are metabolized in the liver and situations has been published. This review concludes that although many converted to substituted benzoic acids and phenols. Phenolic compounds occupational studies have evaluated general solvent exposure in general are subsequently metabolized and excreted in the urine. (1) or to some solvent classes, with toluene exposure addressed as a co- exposure or identified as a common exposure in a sub-group. Outcomes Toluene: Toluene is readily absorbed by inhalation or ingestion and based foam and not TDI can be vigorous. TDI and its decomposition tends to be deposited more in tissues that are fatty or have a rich blood products, such as hydrogen cyanide and nitrogen oxides, are extremely supply (e.g. brain, liver, kidney, fat). There was no evidence of hazardous to health. (1) accumulation in rats with repeated inhalation exposure to 300 ppm. MEANS OF EXTINCTION Toluene is metabolized in the liver and excreted by the kidneys in the urine. It can also be exhaled unchanged. (1) Dry chemical powder, CO2, foam. Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient because of the low flash point of the product. TDI: TDI probably does not accumulate in the body. It can enter the body by inhalation or by ingestion. It is probably metabolized to SECTION VI: ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES toluenediamine, which is metabolized further and excreted. (1) RELEASE OR SPILL