SODIUM FLUORIDE

Hazard statements (CLP)

H301, H315, H319

Code

Statements

H301

Toxic if swallowed

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

No 1272/2008 Classification of the substance or mixture Poisons Schedule S6 Classification [1] Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 3, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2A Page 1 continued Legend

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

H301 Toxic if swallowed. H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. AUH032 Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas.

Prevention

P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection.

Response

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider. P330 Rinse mouth. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

Storage

P405 Store locked up.

Disposal

P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation.

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

[1] Acute Toxicity (Oral) Category 3, Skin Corrosion/Irritation Category 2, Serious Eye Damage/Eye Irritation Category 2A Page 1 continued... Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HCIS; 3. Classification drawn from Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008 - Annex VI Label elements Hazard pictogram(s) Signal word Danger Hazard statement(s) H301 Toxic if swallowed. H315 Causes skin irritation. H319 Causes serious eye irritation. AUH032 Contact with acid liberates very toxic gas. Precautionary statement(s) Prevention P264 Wash all exposed external body areas thoroughly after handling. P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product. P280 Wear protective gloves, protective clothing, eye protection and face protection. Precautionary statement(s) Response P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor/physician/first aider. P330 Rinse mouth. P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. P337+P313 If eye irritation persists: Get medical advice/attention. P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water. P332+P313 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. Precautionary statement(s) Storage P405 Store locked up. Precautionary statement(s) Disposal P501 Dispose of contents/container to authorised hazardous or special waste collection point in accordance with any local regulation. SECTION 3 Composition / information on ingredients Substances CAS No %[weight] Name 7681-49-4 >=98 sodium fluoride Legend: 1. Classified by Chemwatch; 2. Classification drawn from HCIS; 3. Classification drawn from Regulation (EU) No 1272/2008 - Annex VI; 4. Classification drawn from C&L; * EU IOELVs available Mixtures See section above for composition of Substances SECTION 4 First aid measures Description of first aid measures If this product comes in contact with the eyes: Eye Contact Immediately hold eyelids apart and flush the eye continuously with running water. Ensure complete irrigation of the eye by keeping eyelids apart and away from eye and moving the eyelids by occasionally lifting the upper and lower lids. Continued... Continue flushing until advised to stop by the Poisons Information Centre or a doctor, or for at least 15 minutes. Transport to hospital or doctor without delay. Removal of contact lenses after an eye injury should only be undertaken by skilled personnel. If skin contact occurs: Skin Contact Immediately remove all contaminated clothing, including footwear. Flush skin and hair with running water (and soap if available). Seek medical attention in event of irritation. If fumes or combustion products are inhaled remove from contaminated area. Lay patient down. Keep warm and rested. Prostheses such as false teeth, which may block airway, should be removed, where possible, prior to initiating first aid Inhalation procedures. Apply artificial respiration if not breathing, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Transport to hospital, or doctor. IF SWALLOWED, REFER FOR MEDICAL ATTENTION, WHERE POSSIBLE, WITHOUT DELAY. For advice, contact a Poisons Information Centre or a doctor. Urgent hospital treatment is likely to be needed. In the mean time, qualified first-aid personnel should treat the patient following observation and employing supportive measures as indicated by the patient's condition. If the services of a medical officer or medical doctor are readily available, the patient should be placed in his/her care and a copy of the SDS should be provided. Further action will be the responsibility of the medical specialist. If medical attention is not available on the worksite or surroundings send the patient to a hospital together with a copy of the Ingestion SDS. Where medical attention is not immediately available or where the patient is more than 15 minutes from a hospital or unless instructed otherwise: INDUCE vomiting with fingers down the back of the throat, ONLY IF CONSCIOUS. Lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain open airway and prevent aspiration. NOTE: Wear a protective glove when inducing vomiting by mechanical means. Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed For acute or short term repeated exposures to fluorides: Fluoride absorption from gastro-intestinal tract may be retarded by calcium salts, milk or antacids. Fluoride particulates or fume may be absorbed through the respiratory tract with 20-30% deposited at alveolar level. Peak serum levels are reached 30 mins. post-exposure; 50% appears in the urine within 24 hours. For acute poisoning (endotracheal intubation if inadequate tidal volume), monitor breathing and evaluate/monitor blood pressure and pulse frequently since shock may supervene with little warning. Monitor ECG immediately; watch for arrhythmias and evidence of Q-T prolongation or T-wave changes. Maintain monitor. Treat shock vigorously with isotonic saline (in 5% glucose) to restore blood volume and enhance renal excretion. Where evidence of hypocalcaemic or normocalcaemic tetany exists, calcium gluconate (10 ml of a 10% solution) is injected to avoid tachycardia. BIOLOGICAL EXPOSURE INDEX - BEI These represent the determinants observed in specimens collected from a healthy worker exposed at the Exposure Standard (ES or TLV): Determinant Index Sampling Time Comments Fluorides in urine 3 mg/gm creatinine Prior to shift B, NS 10mg/gm creatinine End of shift B, NS B: Background levels occur in specimens collected from subjects NOT exposed NS: Non-specific determinant; also observed after exposure to other exposures. SECTION 5 Firefighting measures Extinguishing media Water spray or fog. Foam. Dry chemical powder. BCF (where regulations permit). Carbon dioxide. Special hazards arising from the substrate or mixture Fire Incompatibility None known. Continued... Advice for firefighters Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. Use fire fighting procedures suitable for surrounding area. Fire Fighting DO NOT approach containers suspected to be hot. Cool fire exposed containers with water spray from a protected location. If safe to do so, remove containers from path of fire. Equipment should be thoroughly decontaminated after use. Non combustible. Not considered a significant fire risk, however containers may burn. Decomposition may produce toxic fumes of: Fire/Explosion Hazard hydrogen fluoride metal oxides May emit poisonous fumes. HAZCHEM 2Z SECTION 6 Accidental release measures Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures See section 8 Environmental precautions See section 12 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Remove all ignition sources. Clean up all spills immediately. Minor Spills Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Control personal contact with the substance, by using protective equipment. Use dry clean up procedures and avoid generating dust. Place in a suitable, labelled container for waste disposal. Clear area of personnel and move upwind. Alert Fire Brigade and tell them location and nature of hazard. Wear breathing apparatus plus protective gloves. Prevent, by any means available, spillage from entering drains or water courses. No smoking, naked lights or ignition sources. Increase ventilation. Stop leak if safe to do so. Major Spills Water spray or fog may be used to disperse / absorb vapour. Contain or absorb spill with sand, earth or vermiculite. Collect recoverable product into labelled containers for recycling. Collect solid residues and seal in labelled drums for disposal. Wash area and prevent runoff into drains. After clean up operations, decontaminate and launder all protective clothing and equipment before storing and re-using. If contamination of drains or waterways occurs, advise emergency services. Personal Protective Equipment advice is contained in Section 8 of the SDS. SECTION 7 Handling and storage Precautions for safe handling Avoid all personal contact, including inhalation. Wear protective clothing when risk of exposure occurs. Use in a well-ventilated area. Prevent concentration in hollows and sumps. DO NOT enter confined spaces until atmosphere has been checked. DO NOT allow material to contact humans, exposed food or food utensils. Avoid contact with incompatible materials. Safe handling When handling, DO NOT eat, drink or smoke. Keep containers securely sealed when not in use. Avoid physical damage to containers. Always wash hands with soap and water after handling. Work clothes should be laundered separately. Launder contaminated clothing before re-use. Use good occupational work practice. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS. Continued... Atmosphere should be regularly checked against established exposure standards to ensure safe working conditions are maintained. Store in original containers. Keep containers securely sealed. Other information Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area. Store away from incompatible materials and foodstuff containers. Protect containers against physical damage and check regularly for leaks. Observe manufacturer's storage and handling recommendations contained within this SDS. Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Lined metal can, lined metal pail/ can. Plastic pail. Polyliner drum. Packing as recommended by manufacturer. Check all containers are clearly labelled and free from leaks. For low viscosity materials Drums and jerricans must be of the non-removable head type. Where a can is to be used as an inner package, the can must have a screwed enclosure. For materials with a viscosity of at least 2680 cSt. (23 deg. C) and solids (between 15 C deg. and 40 deg C.): Removable head packaging; Suitable container Cans with friction closures and low pressure tubes and cartridges may be used. - Where combination packages are used, and the inner packages are of glass, there must be sufficient inert cushioning material in contact with inner and outer packages *. - In addition, where inner packagings are glass and contain liquids of packing group I and II there must be sufficient inert absorbent to absorb any spillage *. - * unless the outer packaging is a close fitting moulded plastic box and the substances are not incompatible with the plastic. Salts of inorganic fluoride: react with water forming acidic solutions. are violent reactive with boron, bromine pentafluoride,bromine trifluoride, calcium disilicide, calcium hydride, oxygen difluoride, platinum, potassium. in aqueous solutions are incompatible with sulfuric acid, alkalis, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, alkylene oxides, amides, epichlorohydrin, isocyanates, nitromethane, organic anhydrides, vinyl acetate. corrode metals in presence of moisture may be incompatible with glass and porcelain Sodium fluoride: Storage incompatibility aqueous solutions attack glass and react violently with xenon hexafluoride; are incompatible with sulfuric acid, caustics, ammonia, aliphatic amines, alkanolamines, amides, organic anhydrides, isocyanates, vinyl acetate, alkylene oxides, epichlorohydrin reacts with acids forming hydrogen fluoride Contact with acids produces toxic fumes Metals and their oxides or salts may react violently with chlorine trifluoride and bromine trifluoride. These trifluorides are hypergolic oxidisers. They ignite on contact (without external source of heat or ignition) with recognised fuels - contact with these materials, following an ambient or slightly elevated temperature, is often violent and may produce ignition. The state of subdivision may affect the results. Avoid strong bases. SECTION 8 Exposure controls / personal protection Control parameters Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL) INGREDIENT DATA Source Ingredient Material name TWA STEL Peak Notes Australia Exposure sodium fluoride Fluorides (as F) 2.5 mg/m3 Not Available Standards Emergency Limits Ingredient TEEL-1 TEEL-2 TEEL-3 sodium fluoride 17 mg/m3 90 mg/m3 1,100 mg/m3 Continued... 250 mg/m3 Not Available MATERIAL DATA 2.5 mg/m3 NA NA NA Yes It is the goal of the ACGIH (and other Agencies) to recommend TLVs (or their equivalent) for all substances for which there is evidence of health effects at airborne concentrations encountered in the workplace. At this time no TLV has been established, even though this material may produce adverse health effects (as evidenced in animal experiments or clinical experience). Airborne concentrations must be maintained as low as is practically possible and occupational exposure must be kept to a minimum. NOTE: The ACGIH occupational exposure standard for Particles Not Otherwise Specified (P.N.O.S) does NOT apply. Sensory irritants are chemicals that produce temporary and undesirable side-effects on the eyes, nose or throat. Historically occupational exposure standards for these irritants have been based on observation of workers' responses to various airborne concentrations. Present day expectations require that nearly every individual should be protected against even minor sensory irritation and exposure standards are established using uncertainty factors or safety factors of 5 to 10 or more. On occasion animal no-observable-effect-levels (NOEL) are used to determine these limits where human results are unavailable. An additional approach, typically used by the TLV committee (USA) in determining respiratory standards for this group of chemicals, has been to assign ceiling values (TLV C) to rapidly acting irritants and to assign short-term exposure limits (TLV STELs) when the weight of evidence from irritation, bioaccumulation and other endpoints combine to warrant such a limit. In contrast the MAK Commission (Germany) uses a five-category system based on intensive odour, local irritation, and elimination half-life. However this system is being replaced to be consistent with the European Union (EU) Scientific Committee for Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL); this is more closely allied to that of the USA. OSHA (USA) concluded that exposure to sensory irritants can: cause inflammation cause increased susceptibility to other irritants and infectious agents lead to permanent injury or dysfunction permit greater absorption of hazardous substances and acclimate the worker to the irritant warning properties of these substances thus increasing the risk of overexposure. For fluorides: Based on a study in which the threshold for minimum increase in bone density due to fluoride exposure was 3.38 mg/m3 (as fluoride), the present TLV-TWA has been adopted to prevent irritant effects and disabling bone changes. There is also support for the proposition that occupational exposure below the TLV will have no adverse effect on pregnant women or off-spring. IARC has classified fluorides in drinking water as Group 3 carcinogens; i.e. Not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Equivocal evidence of carcinogenic activity (osteosarcoma) has been found in male rats administered sodium fluoride in drinking water. (0-175 ppm) Evidence was not found in female rats or in male or female mice. Established occupational exposure limits frequently do not take into consideration reproductive end points that are clearly below the thresholds for other toxic effects. Occupational reproductive guidelines (ORGs) have been suggested as an additional standard. These have been established after a literature search for the reproductive no-observed-adverse effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level (LOAEL). In addition the US EPA's procedures for risk assessment for hazard identification and dose-response assessment as applied by NIOSH were used in the creation of such limits. Uncertainty factors (UFs) have also been incorporated. These exposure guidelines have been derived from a screening level of risk assessment and should not be construed as unequivocally safe limits. ORGS represent an 8-hour time-weighted average unless specified otherwise. CR = Cancer Risk/10000; UF = Uncertainty factor: TLV believed to be adequate to protect reproductive health: LOD: Limit of detection Toxic endpoints have also been identified as: D = Developmental; R = Reproductive; TC = Transplacental carcinogen Jankovic J., Drake F.: A Screening Method for Occupational Reproductive American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57: 641-649 (1996) Exposure controls Engineering controls are used to remove a hazard or place a barrier between the worker and the hazard. Well-designed engineering controls can be highly effective in protecting workers and will typically be independent of worker interactions to provide this high level of protection. The basic types of engineering controls are: Process controls which involve changing the way a job activity or process is done to reduce the risk. Enclosure and/or isolation of emission source which keeps a selected hazard "physically" away from the worker and ventilation that strategically "adds" and "removes" air in the work environment. Ventilation can remove or dilute an air contaminant if designed properly. The design of a ventilation system must match the particular process and chemical or contaminant in use. Employers may need to use multiple types of controls to prevent employee overexposure. Appropriate engineering controls Local exhaust ventilation usually required. If risk of overexposure exists, wear approved respirator. Correct fit is essential to obtain adequate protection. Supplied-air type respirator may be required in special circumstances. Correct fit is essential to ensure adequate protection. An approved self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) may be required in some situations. Provide adequate ventilation in warehouse or closed storage area. Air contaminants generated in the workplace possess varying "escape" velocities which, in turn, determine the "capture velocities" of fresh circulating air required to effectively remove the contaminant. Type of Contaminant: Air Speed: Continued... 0.25-0.5 m/s solvent, vapours, degreasing etc., evaporating from tank (in still air). (50-100 f/min.) aerosols, fumes from pouring operations, intermittent container filling, low speed conveyer transfers, 0.5-1 m/s welding, spray drift, plating acid fumes, pickling (released at low velocity into zone of active (100-200 f/min.) generation) direct spray, spray painting in shallow booths, drum filling, conveyer loading, crusher dusts, gas 1-2.5 m/s discharge (active generation into zone of rapid air motion) (200-500 f/min.) grinding, abrasive blasting, tumbling, high speed wheel generated dusts (released at high initial 2.5-10 m/s velocity into zone of very high rapid air motion). (500-2000 f/min.) Within each range the appropriate value depends on: Lower end of the range Upper end of the range 1: Room air currents minimal or favourable to capture 1: Disturbing room air currents 2: Contaminants of low toxicity or of nuisance value only. 2: Contaminants of high toxicity 3: Intermittent, low production. 3: High production, heavy use 4: Large hood or large air mass in motion 4: Small hood-local control only Simple theory shows that air velocity falls rapidly with distance away from the opening of a simple extraction pipe. Velocity generally decreases with the square of distance from the extraction point (in simple cases). Therefore the air speed at the extraction point should be adjusted, accordingly, after reference to distance from the contaminating source. The air velocity at the extraction fan, for example, should be a minimum of 1-2 m/s (200-400 f/min) for extraction of solvents generated in a tank 2 meters distant from the extraction point. Other mechanical considerations, producing performance deficits within the extraction apparatus, make it essential that theoretical air velocities are multiplied by factors of 10 or more when extraction systems are installed or used. Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment Safety glasses with side shields. Chemical goggles. [AS/NZS 1337.1, EN166 or national equivalent] Contact lenses may pose a special hazard; soft contact lenses may absorb and concentrate irritants. A written policy document, describing the wearing of lenses or restrictions on use, should be created for each workplace or task. This should Eye and face protection include a review of lens absorption and adsorption for the class of chemicals in use and an account of injury experience. Medical and first-aid personnel should be trained in their removal and suitable equipment should be readily available. In the event of chemical exposure, begin eye irrigation immediately and remove contact lens as soon as practicable. Lens should be removed at the first signs of eye redness or irritation - lens should be removed in a clean environment only after workers have washed hands thoroughly. [CDC NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 59]. Skin protection See Hand protection below Wear chemical protective gloves, e.g. PVC. Wear safety footwear or safety gumboots, e.g. Rubber The selection of suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality which vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. Where the chemical is a preparation of several substances, the resistance of the glove material can not be calculated in advance and has therefore to be checked prior to the application. The exact break through time for substances has to be obtained from the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be observed when making a final choice. Personal hygiene is a key element of effective hand care. Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Suitability and durability of glove type is dependent on usage. Important factors in the selection of gloves include: · frequency and duration of contact, · chemical resistance of glove material, · glove thickness and · dexterity Select gloves tested to a relevant standard (e.g. Europe EN 374, US F739, AS/NZS 2161.1 or national equivalent). Hands/feet protection · When prolonged or frequently repeated contact may occur, a glove with a protection class of 5 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 240 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · When only brief contact is expected, a glove with a protection class of 3 or higher (breakthrough time greater than 60 minutes according to EN 374, AS/NZS 2161.10.1 or national equivalent) is recommended. · Some glove polymer types are less affected by movement and this should be taken into account when considering gloves for long-term use. · Contaminated gloves should be replaced. As defined in ASTM F-739-96 in any application, gloves are rated as: · Excellent when breakthrough time > 480 min · Good when breakthrough time > 20 min · Fair when breakthrough time < 20 min · Poor when glove material degrades For general applications, gloves with a thickness typically greater than 0.35 mm, are recommended. It should be emphasised that glove thickness is not necessarily a good predictor of glove resistance to a specific chemical, as the permeation efficiency of the glove will be dependent on the exact composition of the glove material. Therefore, glove selection Continued... should also be based on consideration of the task requirements and knowledge of breakthrough times. Glove thickness may also vary depending on the glove manufacturer, the glove type and the glove model. Therefore, the manufacturers technical data should always be taken into account to ensure selection of the most appropriate glove for the task. Note: Depending on the activity being conducted, gloves of varying thickness may be required for specific tasks. For example: · Thinner gloves (down to 0.1 mm or less) may be required where a high degree of manual dexterity is needed. However, these gloves are only likely to give short duration protection and would normally be just for single use applications, then disposed of. · Thicker gloves (up to 3 mm or more) may be required where there is a mechanical (as well as a chemical) risk i.e. where there is abrasion or puncture potential Gloves must only be worn on clean hands. After using gloves, hands should be washed and dried thoroughly. Application of a non-perfumed moisturiser is recommended. Body protection See Other protection below Overalls. Other protection Eyewash unit. Barrier cream. Skin cleansing cream. Recommended material(s) Respiratory protection GLOVE SELECTION INDEX Type -P Filter of sufficient capacity. (AS/NZS 1716 & 1715, EN 143:2000 & Glove selection is based on a modified presentation of the: 149:2001, ANSI Z88 or national equivalent) "Forsberg Clothing Performance Index". The effect(s) of the following substance(s) are taken into account in the Required Minimum Half-Face Full-Face Powered Air computer-generated selection: Protection Factor Respirator SODIUM FLUORIDE P1 - PAPR-P1 up to 10 x ES Air-line* - Material CPI up to 50 x ES Air-line** P2 NATURAL RUBBER PAPR-P2 A up to 100 x ES - P3 NEOPRENE - A Air-line* NITRILE - A 100+ x ES - Air-line** PVC PAPR-P3 A * - Negative pressure demand ** - Continuous flow * CPI - Chemwatch Performance Index A(All classes) = Organic vapours, B AUS or B1 = Acid gasses, B2 = Acid gas A: Best Selection B: Satisfactory; may degrade after 4 hours continuous immersion or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), B3 = Acid gas or hydrogen cyanide(HCN), E = Sulfur dioxide(SO2), G = Agricultural chemicals, K = Ammonia(NH3), Hg = C: Poor to Dangerous Choice for other than short term immersion Mercury, NO = Oxides of nitrogen, MB = Methyl bromide, AX = Low boiling NOTE: As a series of factors will influence the actual performance of the glove, point organic compounds(below 65 degC) a final selection must be based on detailed observation. - * Where the glove is to be used on a short term, casual or infrequent basis, · Respirators may be necessary when engineering and administrative controls factors such as "feel" or convenience (e.g. disposability), may dictate a choice do not adequately prevent exposures. of gloves which might otherwise be unsuitable following long-term or frequent · The decision to use respiratory protection should be based on professional use. A qualified practitioner should be consulted. judgment that takes into account toxicity information, exposure measurement data, and frequency and likelihood of the worker's exposure - ensure users are not subject to high thermal loads which may result in heat stress or distress due to personal protective equipment (powered, positive flow, full face apparatus may be an option). · Published occupational exposure limits, where they exist, will assist in determining the adequacy of the selected respiratory protection. These may be government mandated or vendor recommended. · Certified respirators will be useful for protecting workers from inhalation of particulates when properly selected and fit tested as part of a complete respiratory protection program. · Where protection from nuisance levels of dusts are desired, use type N95 (US) or type P1 (EN143) dust masks. Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU) · Use approved positive flow mask if significant quantities of dust becomes airborne. · Try to avoid creating dust conditions. SECTION 9 Physical and chemical properties Information on basic physical and chemical properties White, odourless powder or crystals. Soluble in water, very slightly soluble in alcohol. May also be available as blue tinted Appearance crystals. Physical state Divided Solid Relative density (Water = 2.56-2.79 Continued... 1) Partition coefficient Odour Not Available n-octanol / water Not Available Auto-ignition temperature Odour threshold Not Available Not Applicable (°C) Decomposition pH (as supplied) Not Applicable temperature (°C) Melting point / freezing 988 Viscosity (cSt) Not Applicable point (°C) Initial boiling point and 1695 Molecular weight (g/mol) 42.0 boiling range (°C) Flash point (°C) Not Applicable Taste Not Available Evaporation rate Not Available Explosive properties Not Available Flammability Not Applicable Oxidising properties Not Available Upper Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Surface Tension (dyn/cm Not Applicable or mN/m) Lower Explosive Limit (%) Not Applicable Volatile Component (%vol) Not Available Vapour pressure (kPa) 0.13 @ 1077 C Gas group Not Available Solubility in water Miscible pH as a solution (1%) 7.4 (saturated) Vapour density (Air = 1) Not Applicable VOC g/L Not Available SECTION 10 Stability and reactivity Reactivity See section 7 Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials. Chemical stability Product is considered stable. Hazardous polymerisation will not occur. Possibility of hazardous reactions See section 7 Conditions to avoid See section 7 Incompatible materials See section 7 Hazardous decomposition products See section 5 SECTION 11 Toxicological information Information on toxicological effects Breathing high concentrations of dust may result in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, stupor. Severe inhalation exposure may result in tremors, convulsions, collapse, respiratory and cardiac failure even death. Inhalation of dusts, generated by the material during the course of normal handling, may be damaging to the health of the individual. Limited evidence or practical experience suggests that the material may produce irritation of the respiratory system, in a significant number of individuals, following inhalation. In contrast to most organs, the lung is able to respond to a chemical insult by first removing or neutralising the irritant and then repairing the damage. The repair process, which initially evolved to protect mammalian lungs from foreign matter and antigens, may however, produce further lung damage resulting in the impairment of gas exchange, the primary function of the lungs. Respiratory tract irritation often results in an inflammatory response involving the recruitment and activation of many cell types, mainly derived from the vascular system. Inhaled Acute effects of fluoride inhalation include irritation of nose and throat, coughing, chest discomfort, chills, fever and cyanosis (blue lips and skin). . Even brief exposure to high concentrations of inorganic fluoride may cause sore throat, chest pains, pulmonary oedema,and in rare cases irreparable damage to the lungs, and death A single acute over-exposure may cause nose bleed. Pre-existing respiratory conditions such as emphysema, bronchitis may be aggravated by exposure. Occupational asthma may result from exposure. Persons with impaired respiratory function, airway diseases and conditions such as emphysema or chronic bronchitis, may incur further disability if excessive concentrations of particulate are inhaled. If prior damage to the circulatory or nervous systems has occurred or if kidney damage has been sustained, proper screenings should be conducted on individuals who may be exposed to further risk if handling and use of the material result in excessive exposures. Ingestion may result in excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting. Doses of 25-50 mg for adult may cause severe vomiting, diarrhoea and central nervous disturbances, [VWR]. Less than 1 gram may be fatal for adult Ingestion Toxic effects may result from the accidental ingestion of the material; animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 40 gram may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual. Continued... Fluoride is a general protoplasmic poison which appears to produce at least four major functional derangements; (1) enzyme inhibition, (2) hypocalcaemia, (3) cardiovascular collapse and (4) specific organ damage. Hypocalcaemia which leads to severe reductions in plasma levels of both total calcium and ionic calcium, may appear several hours after exposure producing painful and involuntary muscular contractions (tetany) initially of the extremities (carpopedal spasm, twitching of limb muscles, laryngo-spasm, cardiospasm etc). Cardiovascular collapse is probably the principal cause of death in acute fluoride poisoning with sinus tachycardia the commonest cardiac finding and serious cardiac arrhythmias also common. Poisonings also cause major adverse effects on the brain and kidneys. Toxic effects may include headache, excessive salivation, rapid movements of the eyeball (nystagmus) and dilated pupils. Convulsions may occur but lethargy, stupor and coma are more common. Renal pathology (acute congestion) has been described in human casualties. Contact with acids liberates very toxic gases Dusts may be highly corrosive to the skin and rapidly cause severe chemical burns or large boil-like open sores. Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material either produces inflammation of the skin in a substantial number of individuals following direct contact, and/or produces significant inflammation when applied to the healthy intact skin of animals, for up to four hours, such inflammation being present twenty-four hours or more after the end of the exposure period. Skin irritation may also be present after prolonged or repeated exposure; this may result in a form of contact dermatitis (nonallergic). The dermatitis is often characterised by skin redness (erythema) and swelling (oedema) which may progress to blistering (vesiculation), scaling and thickening of the epidermis. At the microscopic level there may be intercellular oedema of Skin Contact the spongy layer of the skin (spongiosis) and intracellular oedema of the epidermis. The material may accentuate any pre-existing dermatitis condition Skin contact with the material may damage the health of the individual; systemic effects may result following absorption. Open cuts, abraded or irritated skin should not be exposed to this material Solution of material in moisture on the skin, or perspiration, may markedly increase skin corrosion and accelerate tissue destruction Entry into the blood-stream through, for example, cuts, abrasions, puncture wounds or lesions, may produce systemic injury with harmful effects. Examine the skin prior to the use of the material and ensure that any external damage is suitably protected. Evidence exists, or practical experience predicts, that the material may cause eye irritation in a substantial number of individuals and/or may produce significant ocular lesions which are present twenty-four hours or more after instillation into the eye(s) of Eye experimental animals. Repeated or prolonged eye contact may cause inflammation characterised by a temporary redness (similar to windburn) of the conjunctiva (conjunctivitis); temporary impairment of vision and/or other transient eye damage/ulceration may occur. On the basis, primarily, of animal experiments, concern has been expressed by at least one classification body that the material may produce carcinogenic or mutagenic effects; in respect of the available information, however, there presently exists inadequate data for making a satisfactory assessment. Limited evidence suggests that repeated or long-term occupational exposure may produce cumulative health effects involving organs or biochemical systems. Chronic Long term exposure to vapour or dust with inorganic fluorides may result in fluorosis, with rheumatic symptoms, stiff joints, mottling of tooth enamel. Other signs may include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea or constipation, weight loss, anaemia, weakness and general ill-health. Polyuria and polydipsia may also occur. Exfoliative dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, stomatitis, gastrointestinal and respiratory allergy, and on occasions, central nervous system involvement have all been described. Long term exposure to high dust concentrations may cause changes in lung function (i.e. pneumoconiosis) caused by particles less than 0.5 micron penetrating and remaining in the lung. A prime symptom is breathlessness. Lung shadows show on X-ray. TOXICITY IRRITATION sodium fluoride dermal (rat) LD50: >2000 mg/kg[1] Eye (rabbit): 20 mg/24h-moderate Oral (Rat) LD50: >25<2000 mg/kg[1] Legend: 1. Value obtained from Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Acute toxicity 2. Value obtained from manufacturer's SDS. Unless otherwise specified data extracted from RTECS - Register of Toxic Effect of chemical Substances The material may produce moderate eye irritation leading to inflammation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to irritants may produce conjunctivitis. Asthma-like symptoms may continue for months or even years after exposure to the material ends. This may be due to a non-allergic condition known as reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) which can occur after exposure to high levels of highly irritating compound. Main criteria for diagnosing RADS include the absence of previous airways disease in a non-atopic individual, with sudden onset of persistent asthma-like symptoms within minutes to hours of a documented exposure to the irritant. Other criteria for diagnosis of RADS include a reversible airflow pattern on lung function tests, moderate to severe SODIUM FLUORIDE bronchial hyperreactivity on methacholine challenge testing, and the lack of minimal lymphocytic inflammation, without eosinophilia. RADS (or asthma) following an irritating inhalation is an infrequent disorder with rates related to the concentration of and duration of exposure to the irritating substance. On the other hand, industrial bronchitis is a disorder that occurs as a result of exposure due to high concentrations of irritating substance (often particles) and is completely reversible after exposure ceases. The disorder is characterized by difficulty breathing, cough and mucus production. The substance is classified by IARC as Group 3: NOT classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. Evidence of carcinogenicity may be inadequate or limited in animal testing. Continued... Acute Toxicity Carcinogenicity Skin Irritation/Corrosion Reproductivity Serious Eye STOT - Single Exposure Damage/Irritation Respiratory or Skin STOT - Repeated Exposure sensitisation Mutagenicity Aspiration Hazard Legend: – Data either not available or does not fill the criteria for classification – Data available to make classification SECTION 12 Ecological information Toxicity Endpoint Test Duration (hr) Species Value Source BCF 672h Fish <0.66 7 EC50 72h Algae or other aquatic plants >121.8mg/L 4 sodium fluoride EC50 48h Crustacea 36.2mg/L 5 EC50 96h Algae or other aquatic plants 43mg/l 2 LC50 96h Fish 38-68mg/l 4 NOEC(ECx) 2160h Fish 3.1mg/l 4 Legend: Extracted from 1. IUCLID Toxicity Data 2. Europe ECHA Registered Substances - Ecotoxicological Information - Aquatic Toxicity 4. US EPA, Ecotox database - Aquatic Toxicity Data 5. ECETOC Aquatic Hazard Assessment Data 6. NITE (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 7. METI (Japan) - Bioconcentration Data 8. Vendor Data Invertebrate: LC50 (48 h): 1987 ppm Although small amounts of fluorides are conceded to have beneficial effects, two forms of chronic toxic effect, dental fluorosis and skeletal fluorosis may be caused by excessive intake over long periods. Fluorides are absorbed by humans following inhalation of workplace and ambient air that has been contaminated, ingestion of drinking water and foods and dermal contact. Fluoride accumulates, food-dependently in skeletal tissues of both aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates and invertebrates. Bioaccumulation occurs in marine organisms and, to a lesser extend, fresh water organisms. Reported BCF-values for marine organisms range up to approximately 150 and 60 for fish and crustacea, respectively. The most important exposure route for plants is uptake from the atmosphere. Concentrations in plants in the vicinity of a HF production plant range up to approximately 200 mg/kg, with mean levels between 20 and 50 mg/kg dry weight. Generally, lowest fluoride levels are found in herbivores and (somewhat) higher levels in predators. Fluorides have been shown to accumulate in animals that consume fluoride-containing foliage However, accumulation is primarily in skeletal tissue and therefore, it is unlikely that fluoride will biomagnify up the food chain. Both hydrogen fluoride and particulate fluorides will be transported in the atmosphere and deposited on land or water by wet and dry deposition. Non-volatile inorganic fluoride particulates are removed from the atmosphere via condensation or nucleation processes. Fluorides adsorbed on particulate matter in the atmosphere are generally stable and are not readily hydrolysed, although they may be degraded by radiation if they persist in the atmosphere. Fluorine and the silicon fluorides (fluosilicates, silicofluorides) are hydrolysed in the atmosphere to form hydrogen fluoride. Hydrogen fluoride may combine with water vapour to produce an aerosol or fog of aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Based upon available data, inorganic fluoride compounds, with the exception of sulfur hexafluoride, are not expected to remain in the troposphere for long periods or to migrate to the stratosphere. Estimates of the residence time of sulfur hexafluoride in the atmosphere range from 500 to several thousand years. Fluoride in aerosols can be transported over large distances by wind or as a result of atmospheric turbulence. The distance travelled is determined by the deposition velocity of both the gaseous hydrogen fluoride and the fluorides in particulate form. Atmospheric fluorides may be transported to soils and surface waters through both wet and dry deposition processes. Fluorides undergo transformations in soil and water, forming complexes and binding strongly to soil and sediment. In water, the transport and transformation of inorganic fluorides are influenced by pH, water hardness and the presence of ion-exchange materials such as clays. In natural water, fluoride forms strong complexes with aluminum in water, and fluorine chemistry in water is largely regulated by aluminum concentration and pH. Below pH 5, fluoride is almost entirely complexed with aluminum and consequently, the concentration of free F- is low. As the pH increases, Al-OH complexes dominate over Al-F complexes and the free F- levels increase. Fluoride forms stable complexes with calcium and magnesium, which are present in sea water. Calcium carbonate precipitation dominates the removal of dissolved fluoride from sea water. The residence time for fluoride in ocean sediment is calculated to be 2-3 million years. Fluorosilicic acid and hydrofluoric acid in high aquatic concentrations such as may be found in industrial waste ponds may volatilise, releasing silicon tetrafluoride and hydrogen fluoride into the atmosphere. Solubilisation of inorganic fluorides from minerals may also be enhanced by the presence of ion-exchange materials (e.g., bentonite clays and humic acid). Once dissolved, inorganic fluorides remain in solution under conditions of low pH and hardness and in the presence of ion-exchange material. Soluble inorganic fluorides may also form aerosols at the air?water interface or vaporise into the atmosphere whereas undissolved species generally undergo sedimentation. Factors that influence the mobility of inorganic fluorides in soil are pH and the formation of aluminium and calcium complexes In more acidic soils, concentrations of inorganic fluoride were considerably higher in the deeper horizons. The low affinity of fluorides for organic material results in leaching from the more acidic surface horizon and increased retention by clay minerals and silts in the more alkaline, deeper horizons. The maximum adsorption of fluoride to soil was reported to occur at pH 5.5. In acidic soils with pH below 6, most of the fluoride is in complexes with either aluminium or iron. Fluoride in alkaline soils at pH 6.5 and above is almost completely fixed in soils as calcium fluoride, if sufficient calcium carbonate is available. Fluoride is extremely immobile in soil, as determined by lysimeter experiments. Populations living in areas with high fluoride levels in groundwater may be exposed to higher levels of fluorides in their drinking water or in beverages prepared with the water. Among these populations, outdoor laborers, people living in hot climates, and people with polydipsia will generally have the greatest daily intake of Continued... fluorides because they consume greater amounts of water. Foods characteristically high in fluoride content are certain types of fish and seafood (1.9-28.5 mg/kg), especially those types in which the bones are consumed, bone products such as bone meal and gelatin, and tea, which contains approximately 0.52 mg fluoride/cup Fluoride is mainly absorbed by the body in the form of hydrogen fluoride, which has a pKa of 3.45. That is, when ionic fluoride enters the acidic environment of the stomach lumen, it is largely converted into hydrogen fluoride. Most of the fluoride that is not absorbed from the stomach will be rapidly absorbed from the small intestine. DO NOT discharge into sewer or waterways. Persistence and degradability Ingredient Persistence: Water/Soil Persistence: Air sodium fluoride LOW Bioaccumulative potential Ingredient Bioaccumulation sodium fluoride LOW (BCF = 6.4) Mobility in soil Ingredient Mobility sodium fluoride LOW (KOC = 14.3) SECTION 13 Disposal considerations Waste treatment methods Containers may still present a chemical hazard/ danger when empty. Return to supplier for reuse/ recycling if possible. Otherwise: If container can not be cleaned sufficiently well to ensure that residuals do not remain or if the container cannot be used to store the same product, then puncture containers, to prevent re-use, and bury at an authorised landfill. Where possible retain label warnings and SDS and observe all notices pertaining to the product. Legislation addressing waste disposal requirements may differ by country, state and/ or territory. Each user must refer to laws operating in their area. In some areas, certain wastes must be tracked. A Hierarchy of Controls seems to be common - the user should investigate: Reduction Reuse Recycling Disposal (if all else fails) This material may be recycled if unused, or if it has not been contaminated so as to make it unsuitable for its intended use. Shelf Product / Packaging life considerations should also be applied in making decisions of this type. Note that properties of a material may change in use, disposal and recycling or reuse may not always be appropriate. In most instances the supplier of the material should be consulted. DO NOT allow wash water from cleaning or process equipment to enter drains. It may be necessary to collect all wash water for treatment before disposal. In all cases disposal to sewer may be subject to local laws and regulations and these should be considered first. Where in doubt contact the responsible authority. For small quantities: Cautiously dissolve in water Neutralise with sodium carbonate or if product does not dissolve completely add a small quantity of hydrochloric acid followed by sodium carbonate Add excess calcium chloride to precipitate the fluoride and/ or carbonate Remove solids to site approved for hazardous waste Recycle wherever possible or consult manufacturer for recycling options. Consult State Land Waste Management Authority for disposal. Bury residue in an authorised landfill. Recycle containers if possible, or dispose of in an authorised landfill. SECTION 14 Transport information Labels Required Continued... Marine Pollutant NO HAZCHEM 2Z Land transport (ADG) UN number or ID number 1690 UN proper shipping name SODIUM FLUORIDE, SOLID Class 6.1 Transport hazard class(es) Subsidiary risk Not Applicable Packing group III Environmental hazard Not Applicable Special precautions for Special provisions Not Applicable user Limited quantity 5 kg Air transport (ICAO-IATA / DGR) UN number 1690 UN proper shipping name Sodium fluoride, solid