Cyanide Ion

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

Flammability Toxicity @ Tia Body Contact @ Flammability Reactivity (1) Chronic 1 2 3 Fire Diamond Min Low Moderate High Extreme ANSI Signal Word a Danger! Poison weve Emergency Overview * % % % ¥ Almond odor. Poison. Irritating to the eyes/respiratory tract. Fast acting chemical asphyxiant that prevents tissue utilization of oxygen. Chronic Effects: skin rash, appetite loss, weakness, dizziness, chest discomfort, nose bleed, hearing changes.

Potential health effects

Target Organs: brain, heart, lungs, skin, blood

Principle Routes of Exposure

inhalation, ingestion, skin absorption Acute Effects Inhalation: The dust is highly discomforting to the upper respiratory tract and extremely toxic and may be fatal. As little as a few breaths of higher concentrations of hydrogen cyanide vapor, given off from moist material, may cause instant collapse and stop breathing. Eye: The solid/dust is corrosive to the eyes and is capable of causing severe damage with loss of sight. The material may be absorbed in toxic amounts through the eyes. Skin: The solid/dust is highly discomforting to the skin and it is absorbed by the skin and may be fatal. The material is capable of causing chemical burns, ulceration and skin reactions which may lead to dermatitis. Exposure limits with "skin" notation indicate that vapor and liquid may be absorbed through intact skin. Absorption by skin may readily exceed vapor inhalation exposure. Symptoms for skin absorption are the same as for inhalation. Contact with eyes and mucous membranes may also contribute to overall exposure and may also invalidate the exposure standard. Copyright © 2006 by Genium Group, Inc. Any commercial use or reproduction without the publisher’s permission is prohibited. Judgments as to the suitability of information herein for the purchaser’ s purposes are necessarily the purchaser’s responsibility. Although reasonable care has been taken in the preparation of such information, Genium Group, Inc. extends no warranties, makes no representations, and assumes no responsibility as to the accuracy or suitability of such information for application to the purchaser’s intended purpose or for consequences of its use. The material may cause second degree burns and deep ulcers. Prolonged or repeated skin contact with low concentrations of the dust may result in “cyanide rash' characterized by itching and skin eruptions. Ingestion: Considered an unlikely route of entry in commercial/industrial environments. The solid/dust is extremely toxic and may be fatal if swallowed unless immediate treatment is applied. The adult lethal dose is less than 250 mg. Carcinogenicity: NTP - Not listed; IARC - Not listed; OSHA - Not listed; NIOSH - Not listed; ACGTH - Not listed; EPA - Class D, Not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity; MAK - Not listed.

Potential chronic health

Cyanide prevents body cells from using oxygen Overexposure causes headache, dizziness, sweating, ineffective breathing and nausea which can be followed by a weak and irregular heartbeat, unconsciousness, convulsions, coma and death. Chronic exposure may interfere with iodine uptake by the thyroid and lead to its enlargement and related thyroid disorders. Loss of weight and appetite, mental deterioration, weakness and nervous system abnormalities may result. Sodium cyanide is alkaline and is irritating and corrosive to body tissue. Repeated minor contact causes cyanide rash, also itching, papules (small, superficial raised spots on the skin). Inhalation may result in obstruction, bleeding, sloughs and in some cases perforations of the septum.