Friction Material

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

EMERGENCY OVERVIEW Shipped friction materials are not considered hazardous, but operations (overheating, burning, machining, abrading, or riveting) that can create airborne dust should be avoided. Such operations could cause exposures in excess of permissible exposure limits for the respective ingredients and should be considered hazardous. (continued)

Potential health effects

Inhalation: Dust may cause irritation, coughing, shortness of breath. Repeated inhalation of dust may affect a variety of organs (See Chronic Section below). Skin: May cause irritation. Prolonged skin contact may cause skin sensitization and/or dermatitis. Eye: Dust may cause irritation and redness. Particles may scratch the eye. Ingestion: Ingestion may cause irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Chronic: Repeated inhalation of dust may cause fibrotic lung disease, decreased breathing capacity, and increased risk of sinus and respiratory cancer. Long-term dust inhalation may also harm the nervous, gastrointestinal, renal (kidneys), and hematological (blood) systems. Carcinogenicity: COMPONENT NTP IARC OSHA Mineral Fibers (special purpose glass fibers) No 2B No Carbon black No 2B No Ceramic Fibers B 2B No Alumina, Barytes, Brass, Calcium carbonate (limestone), Calcium hydroxide, Cashew Resin-Cured, Cellulose, Coal, Coke, Graphite, Kevlar, Hycar, Linseed Oil, Mineral fiber (biosoluble*) PAN, Steel Fiber, Sulfur, Wollasonite No * The mineral fiber used has been classified as biosoluble and exonerated under ECC directive 97/69/EC, Note Q. The IARC has recently changed the classification of Mineral Fibers to Group 3 “unclassifiable” from Group 2 “possible carcinogen.” Signs and Symptoms: Skin may become red and itchy with repeated contact. Anemia may cause dizziness and fatigue. Muscle weakness, fatigue, irritability, poor memory, and headache may indicate neurological effects. Gastrointestinal effects may result in nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, nausea and vomiting. Symptoms and Effects of Exposure to Selected Individual Components ALUMINA Inhalation hazards – Exposure to alumina may cause coughing and shortness of breath. Chronic: Prolonged exposure may affect breathing capacity.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Overexposure may aggravate pre-existing skin, respiratory, kidney, blood, gastrointestinal and nervous system disorders. Target Organs: Skin, eyes, lungs, gastrointestinal system.

Other hazards

Ingestion is not recommended, but adverse effects have not been reported. Alumina is not absorbed through the skin, but contact may cause abrasion. Dust may irritate eyes. BARYTES Inhalation hazards – Should be treated as a nuisance dust. Exposure to barium sulfate may cause paroxysmal coughing, wheezing, difficult breathing, and upper respiratory tract irritation. –Adverse effects have not been reported from ingestion. Eye contact may cause temporary discomfort and irritation. CALCIUM CARBONATE A white, finely pulverized powder with no odor. Inhalation hazards – Limestone dust is considered a nuisance dust. Prolonged exposure may cause irritation to throat and lungs. Silica content is not considered high enough to cause silicosis unless exposures are extremely high and prolonged. Eyes – may cause mild transient eye irritation CALCIUM HYDROXIDE (HYDRATED LIME) Inhalation hazards – Dust may cause irritation of nasal and respiratory passages. Lime is a strong eye irritant, and may cause corrosive damage and blindness. Exposure to dust may cause severe skin irritation, drying and burning, particularly to damaged skin. Swallowing excessive amounts may damage mucous membranes and the digestive system. There are no known chronic hazards. CARBON BLACK Inhalation hazards – Should be treated as a nuisance dust. Exposure may cause temporary upper respiratory tract discomfort. IARC classifies carbon black as Group 2, possibly carcinogenic to humans. Proposition 65 lists carbon black as a cancer-causing chemical. CASHEW RESIN – CURED Inhalation hazards – Cured cashew particles are generally considered to be a nuisance dust, but prolonged exposure may cause irritation of nasal and respiratory tracts leading to sensitization. In the unlikely event of formalin vapors and/or uncured cashew liquid being present, this may cause dermatitis and could lead to a form of nasal cancer. CELLULOSE A non-toxic, fibrous flock, practically odorless. Inhalation hazard – Acute dryness of nose, eye irritation, and nasal obstruction. Chronic no data available. CERAMIC FIBERS Inhalation hazards – Overexposure to respirable fibers by inhalation may cause mild and temporary upper respiratory irritation, with discomfort or cough. NTP has listed respirable ceramic fibers as Group B, reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in humans. IARC has listed ceramic fibers as Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. ACGIH classifies refractory ceramic fibers as A2, a suspected human carcinogen. The mechanical action of fibers may cause slight skin irritation and mild irritation of the eyes and nasal passages. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, and diarrhea. COAL Inhalation hazards – May irritate mucous membranes by mechanical or chemical means. May cause lung inflammation. May cause slight to moderate eye irritation. May cause skin irritation Symptoms and Effects of Exposure to Selected Individual Components (continued) COKE, CALCINED Inhalation hazards – May irritate mucous membranes by mechanical or chemical means. May cause lung inflammation. May cause slight to moderate eye irritation. May cause skin irritation HYCAR – ACRYLONITRILE/BUTADIENE POLYMER Inhalation hazards – May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause skin or eye irritation GRAPHITE Inhalation hazards – Acute: exposure may result in cough, dyspnea, black sputum, and fibrosis. Chronic: Prolonged exposure may cause pneumoconiosis. It is reported that diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular system may be aggravated by exposure. KEVLAR – ARAMID FIBER Inhalation hazards – Overexposure to respirable fibers by inhalation may cause mild temporary upper respiratory irritation, with discomfort or cough. Based on animal testing, prolonged and repeated exposure to excessive concentrations of respirable fibers may cause permanent lung injury. Skin sensitization has not been observed in human tests. The mechanical action of fibers may cause slight skin irritation at clothing points and mild irritation of the eyes and nasal passages. LINSEED OIL Inhalation hazard – No known adverse health effects. Eye contact may cause redness or irritation MAN-MADE MINERAL FIBERS – (SPECIAL PURPOSE GLASS FIBERS) Inhalation hazards – Exposure to respirable fibers by inhalation may cause temporary upper respiratory irritation, with discomfort and cough. Prolonged exposure may cause chronic lung disease. IARC classifies man-made mineral fibers (diameter <1 μm) as Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans. ACGIH classifies synthetic vitreous fibers as A3, an animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans. The mechanical action of fibers may cause skin irritation and irritation of the eyes and nasal passages. Ingestion may cause gastrointestinal irritation, vomiting, and diarrhea. Note: The emergence of “biosoluble” forms of man-made fibers has allowed these fiber types to be omitted from classification as a carcinogen according to Note Q in EU Commission Directive 97/69/EC. PAN – POLYACRYLIC NITRILE Inhalation hazards – May cause respiratory tract irritation. May cause skin or eye irritation STEEL FIBER Inhalation hazards – Acute: Metal fume fever with symptoms of chills, fever, cough, muscle aches, and difficulty in breathing from manganese; silicon can cause respiratory tract irritation; copper can cause irritation of eyes, nose, throat and lungs with a possibility of metal fume fever, chills, nausea, fever, dry throat, cough, and metallic taste. Chronic: Repeated exposure to iron over time may cause lung changes and benign pneumoconiosis; cumulative central nervous system and lung damage may occur with manganese as well as insomnia, and malaise; may cause irritation of the lungs and discoloration of the skin and hair. May cause mechanical damage to skin and eyes SULFUR Inhalation hazards – Exposure may cause irritation to mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Symptoms include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea, and vomiting. May also irritate by ingestion and skin absorption Symptoms and Effects of Exposure to Selected Individual Components (continued) WOLLASTONITE A non-metallic mineral powder, white in color with a faint odor. Inhalation hazards – long-term cumulative inhalation of high concentrations may cause restriction of the large airways. May cause minor skin irritation