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Health hazards

INFORMATION ***** OVERVIEW: The most likely routes of worker overexposure to this product are skin contact and inhalation. Skin irritation and/or other effects of skin contact are 6118A/A01 Page easily avoided by: using proper gloves (See "Protection In- formation" section below); not touching exposed skin (like face, neck) or clothing with contaminated gloves; using pro- per techniques for removing gloves; washing affected areas immediately if skin contact occurs; washing hands before leaving the work area. Inhalation exposure would occur by breathing the product's volatile components. When the product is used at room temp- erature, volatile solvents / organics will slowly evaporate. Room temperature use may include: when the product

Contains

er is opened; during product "thinning"; mixing product with a spatula; dispensing product onto a screen/stencil surface; during printing or stenciling operation; removing product from the screen/stencil. However, concentration of volatile components may increase under other conditions. For example, printing very large substrate surfaces, or processing higher volumes of parts per unit time may increase the amount of a- vailable volatile components. Also, during drying (80-200 C) most volatile solvents and organics will evaporate. Elevated temperatures cause more vapid generation of volatile components from the printed sub strates. During the firing step (600-950 C) all remaining organics will burn off but small amounts of non-refractory metals and metal oxides, such as lead or cadmium, if present in the product, may vaporize to rapidly re-condense outside the furnace's high temperature regions. Personnel performing maintenance/repairs on furnaces or ducts may need respirator and protective clothing to prevent exposure to accumulated metal oxides and condensate. Also, laser trimming resistors volatilizes small amounts of metal and metal oxides. Consideration should be given to avoiding overexposure to other chemicals that may be used in conjunction with thick film products - examples: using product thinners; and sol- vents used to clean process equipment. Well-designed area and personal air sampling/analysis can show if exposures are within required / recommended limits. Properly designed engineering controls, such as local venti- lation and process enclosures, are effective to reduce envi- ronmental concentrations to permissible limits. Respirators should be used when engineering and work practice controls fail and need to be supplemented. See "Exposure Limits" tab le below for more information. Also, hand-mixing of product should be done with local ventilation or in a fume hood where vapors would be kept out of worker's breathing zone. Process controls and procedures must compy with all appli- cable Federal, State (or Provincial), Local safety, health, and environmental laws, regulations and ordinances. In addition, it is always prudent to use all practical 6118A/A01 Page 3 means to limit worker exposure to chemicals. Significant differences in overall exposure can be made by practical mIheasures such as: * Inhalation ~ Minimize by keeping containers of product, solvents, solvent~dampened clean wipes, etc. closed; * Eye ~ Wear chemical safety glasses when handling product, solvents and waste materials, and where there is potential for splashing, wear chemical goggles and face shield; * Skin - Avoid contact by selecting proper gloves, and know how to use them properly; * Ingestion - Avoid by washing hands before eating, drinking, or smoking, and restrict these activities to places outside of work areas. PRINCIPAL HEALTH EFFECTS: >>>Terpineol (Mixed Isomers) ****Additional animal tests have shown: One manufacturer reported that aerosol inhalation exposure of rats for one hour at 41 mg/L or for four hours at 3.70 mg/L caused no death or prolonged signs of toxicity. A five-hour exposure to the saturated vapor of a major component, a terpene alcohol, at 0.27 mg/L also caused no prolonged effects; No mutagenic toxicity in bacterial or mammalian cell cultures, but untested in animals; No animal test reports are available to define carcinogenic, developmental, or reproductive hazards; Not tested for genetic damage in animals.

Potential health effects

of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Skin irritation with discomfort or rash; Allergic skin rashes; Infrequently associated with skin sensitization in humans; BY EYE CONTACT: Eye irritation with discomfort, tearing, or blurring of vision; BY INHALATION: Nonspecific discomfort, e.g., nausea, headache or weakness; Diarrhea; Irritation of mucous membranes; Irritation of the upper respiratory passages; BY INGESTION: Gastrointestinal tract irritation with upper abdominal pain (heartburn), nausea, vomiting and diarrhea; possibly "coffee grounds" vomitus and black, tarry stools from gastrointestinal bleeding; Coughing; Shortness of breath. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY INGESTION: Incoordination; Unconsciousness; Confusion; Dizziness; Hypotension; Headache; Temporary nervous system depression with anaesthetic effects such as dizziness, headache, confusion, incoordination, loss of consciousness and possibly respiratory failure. ***In addition: BY INHALATION: One manufacturer of this low vapor pressure substance has 6118A/A01 Page recommended an EXPOSURE LIMIT of 100 parts per million (ppm) as a Time-Weighted Average (TWA) to protect workers against negative health effects that might be caused by this substance; BY INGESTION: Small amounts of this ingredient aspirated into the lungs during ingestion or vomiting may cause chemical pneumonia. Symptoms include coughing, gasping, choking, shortness of breath, bluish skin coloration, fever, rapid heart rate and breathing. Symptoms may be delayed up to 24 hours. >>>Ethyl Cellulose ****Toxic effects described in animals include: Skin irritation; BY INGESTION: No toxic effects. ****Additional animal tests have shown: BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: No carcinogenic activity based on tests; No animal test reports are available to define mutagenic, embryotoxic, or reproductive hazards. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: May cause mild irritation; There are no reports of human sensitization; BY EYE CONTACT: Nuisance particulate may cause eye irritation; BY INHALATION: Dust may cause irritation to upper respiratory tract. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: No acceptable information to confidently predict effects of chronic human exposure. >>>Silver (Metallic) ****TOxic effects described in animals include: Liver damage. ****Additional animal tests have shown: Genetic damage in mammalian cell cultures; No genetic damage in bacterial cell cultures; No animal test reports are available to define carcinogenic, developmental, or reproductive hazards. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: May cause irritation; May be a skin sensitizer; BY EYE CONTACT: May cause irritation; Photophobia; BY INHALATION: Irritation of the respiratory tract; BY INGESTION: Irritation of digestive tract; BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: Argyria, a blue-gray discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, inner surface of eyelids, cornea or lens. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Dermatitis. ***In addition: There is no effective treatment for argyria. Cases of argyria have not resulted from exposure to silver concentrations in air of less than 0.01 mg/m3; Inhalation of fumes of this metal may cause metal fume fever. 6118A/A01 Page 5 Individuals may have increased susceptibility to

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

of overexposure to ingredient(s) of this product if they have pre- existing diseases of the: Skin; Central nervous system; Eyes; Lungs. ANIMAL DATA: >>>Terpineol (Mixed Isomers) Inhalation 4 hr LC50 [Rat]: No information found Skin Absorption LD50 [Rabbit]: >2,000 mg/kg Oral LD50 [Rat]: 3,200 mg/kg. >>>Ethyl Cellulose Inhalation 4 hr LC50 [Rat]: No data found Skin Absorption LD50 [Rabbits]: >5,000 mg/kg Oral LD50 [Rats]: >5,000 mg/kg. >>>Silver (Metallic) Inhalation 4 hr LC50 [Rat]: No information found Skin Absorption LD50 [Rabbit]: >2,000 mg/kg Oral LD50 [Mouse]: >5,000 mg/kg. CARCINOGENICITY LISTING: No ingredients of this product are designated by IARC, NTP,