CHEM. FAMILY

Health hazards

INFORMATION OVERVIEW: The most likely routes of worker overexposure to this product are skin contact and inhalation. Skin irritation and/or other effects of skin contact are easily avoided by: using proper gloves (See "Protection In- formation" section below); not touching exposed skin (like face, neck) or clothing with contaminated gloves; using pro- per techniques for removing gloves; washing affected areas immediately if skin contact occurs; washing hands before leaving the work area. Inhalation exposure would occur by breathing the product’s (CONTINUED) 5715 PAGE 2 INFORMATION continueb) volatile components. When the product is used at room temp- erature, volatile solvents / organics will slowly evaporate. Room temperature use may include: when the product

Contains

er is opened; during product "thinning"; mixing product with a spatula; dispensing product onto a screen/stencil surface; during printing or stenciling operation; removing product from the screen/stencil. However, concentration of volatile components may increase under other conditions. For example, printing very large substrate surfaces, or processing higher volumes of parts per unit time may increase the amount of a- vailable volatile components. Also, during drying (80-200 C) most volatile solvents and organics will evaporate. Elevated temperatures cause more rapid generation of volatile components from the printed sub strates. During the firing step (600-950 C) all remaining organics will burn off but small amounts of non-refractory metals and metal oxides, such as lead or cadmium, if present in the product, may vaporize to rapidly re-condense outside the furnace’s high temperature regions. Personnel performing maintenance/repairs on furnaces or ducts may need respirator and protective clothing to prevent exposure to accumulated metal oxides and condensate. Also, laser trimming resistors volatilizes small amounts of metal and metal oxides. Consideration should be given to avoiding overexposure to other chemicals that may be used in conjunction with thick film products - examples: using product thinners; and sol- vents used to clean process equipment. Well-designed area and personal air sampling/analysis can show if exposures are within required / recommended limits. Properly designed engineering controls, such as local venti- lation and process enclosures, are effective to reduce envi- ronmental concentrations to permissible limits. Respirators should be used when engineering and work practice controls fail and need to be supplemented. See "Exposure Limits" tab le below for more information. Also, hand-mixing of product should be done with local ventilation or in a fume hood where vapors would be kept out of worker’s breathing zone. Process controls and procedures must compy with all appli- cable Federal, State (or Provincial), Local safety, health, and environmental laws, regulations and ordinances. In addition, it is always prudent to use all practical means to limit worker exposure to chemicals. Significant differences in overall exposure can be made by practical measures such as: * Inhalation - Minimize by keeping containers of product, solvents, solvent-dampened clean wipes, etc. closed; * Eye - Wear chemical safety glasses when handling product, solvents and waste materials, and where there is potential for splashing, wear chemical goggles and face shield; * Skin - Avoid contact by selecting proper gloves, and know how to use them properly; * Ingestion - Avoid by washing hands before eating, drinking, or smoking, and restrict these activities to places outside of work areas. PRINCIPAL HEALTH EFFECTS: (CONTINUED) 5715 PAGE 3 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION (contTiNueD) >>>Pine Oil Toxic effects of repeated or prolonged animal exposures Eo include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Dermatitis; Toxic effects of nese chronic animal tests include: Repeated daily inhalation by rats and guinea pigs of air substantially saturated with pine oil vapor for 7 hours per day caused marked inflammation of the respiratory tract, reversible hypothermia, reversible central nervous system depression, and evidence of liver and kidney injury; ****Additional animal tests have shown: Mutagenicity negative in Ames Test; No animal data available to define carcinogenicity; No animal data available to define reproductive toxicity; BY INGESTION: Developmental toxicity at dosage levels showing maternal toxicity.

Potential health effects

of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Skin irritation with discomfort or rash; BY EYE CONTACT: Irritation with redness, swelling, pain and tearing; May cause swelling of the inner surface of the eyelids (conjunctivas); BY INHALATION: Irregular heartbeat ; Difficulty in breathing; Irritation of the respiratory tract; Convulsions; Dizziness; BY INGESTION: Headache; Drowsiness; Incoordination; Difficulty in breathing; Nausea; Chest pain; Gastrointestinal irritation; Vomiting; Intoxication. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Swelling; Redness; Cracking; BY EYE CONTACT: May cause reversible corneal injury. ***In addition: BY INGESTION: Major ingestion hazard is aspiration which may result in "chemical pneumonia". Symptoms include coughing, gasping, choking, shortness of breath, bluish discoloration of the skin, rapid breathing and heart rate, and fever. Pulmonary edema or bleeding, drowsiness, confusion, coma and seizures may occur in more serious cases. Symptoms may be delayed for up to 24 hours. >>>Diethylene Glycol Dibutyl Ether ****Toxic effects described in animals include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Slight skin irritation; BY EYE CONTACT: Slight eye irritation. ****Additional animal tests have shown: No animal test reports are available to define carcinogenic, mutagenic, embrytoxic or reproductive hazards. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: May irritate skin; May be absorbed through skin; BY EYE CONTACT: May cause irritation; Burning sensation; BY INHALATION: Irritation of the nose and throat; Irritation of lungs; BY INGESTION: Irritation of gastrointestinal tract; Irritation of mouth; Irritation of the nose and throat. ***In addition: No known effects of overexposure, however, compounds of the group "glycol diethers" with similar chemical structure, in studies involving laboratory animals, have shown to cause reversible testicular and sperm damage as well as birth defects. >>>Trimethylpentanediol Monoisobutyrate ****Toxic effects described in animals include: BY SKIN CONTACT: No skin sensitization. Toxic effects of repeated or prolonged animal exposures include: BY INGESTION: Increased liver weight; ****Additional animal tests have shown: No genetic damage in bacterial cell cultures; No animal test reports are available to define carcinogenic, developmental, or reproductive hazards; Not tested for genetic damage in animals. of overexposure may (CONTINUED) 5715 PAGE 4 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION ( (contiNueb) include: BY EYE CONTACT: Eye irritation with discomfort, tearing, or blurring of vision; BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: No acceptable information to confidently predict effects of excessive human exposure. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Skin irritation with discomfort or rash; Significant skin permeation, and systemic toxicity, after contact appears unlikely. >>>Dimethyl Phthalate ****Toxic effects described in animals include: BY SKIN CONTACT: No skin sensitization. Toxic effects of repeated or prolonged animal exposures include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Kidney effects; BY INHALATION: Death; BY INGESTION: Liver effects; Toxic effects of chronic animal tests include: BY INGESTION: Reduced growth rate; Kidney effects; ****Additional animal tests have shown: Not tested for heritable genetic damage; Genetic damage in animals, bacterial or mammalian cell cultures; No carcinogenic toxicity; No developmental toxicity; No animal data available to define reproductive toxicity. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: May irritate skin; BY EYE CONTACT: May cause irritation with discomfort, tearing or blurring of vision; BY INHALATION: Irritation of the upper respiratory passages; BY INGESTION: Severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract with nausea, vomiting, salivation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and pain; BY INHALATION OR INGESTION: Temporary nervous system depression with anaesthetic effects, e.g., dizziness, headache, confusion, incoordination, and loss of consciousness. ***In addition: BY SKIN CONTACT: There are no reports on human sensitization; Significant skin permeation appears unlikely; BY INHALATION OR INGESTION: It has been reported that this substance may be able to accumulate in body tissue if it enters the body. Chronic exposure may affect the central nervous system. >>>Ethyl Cellulose ****Toxic effects described in animals include: Skin irritation; BY INGESTION: No toxic effects. ****Additional animal tests have shown: BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: No carcinogenic activity based on tests; No animal test reports are available to define mutagenic, embryotoxic, or reproductive hazards. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: May cause mild irritation; There are no reports of human sensitization; BY EYE CONTACT: Nuisance particulate may cause eye irritation; BY INHALATION: Dust may cause irritation to upper respiratory tract. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY CONTACT, INHALATION, OR INGESTION: No acceptable information to confidently predict effects of chronic human exposure. >>>Gold (Metallic) ****Toxic effects described in animals include: BY EYE CONTACT: Eye irritation. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Infrequently associated with skin sensitization in humans; Allergic skin rashes; Skin irritation with discomfort or rash; BY EYE CONTACT: May cause mechanical irritation; BY INHALATION: Dust (CONTINUED) 5715 PAGE 5 HEALTH HAZARD INFORMATION conTINUED) may cause irritation to upper respiratory tract. ***In addition: Significant skin permeation appears unlikely. oe, >>>Cadmium Oxide ****Toxic effects described in animals include: BY INHALATION OR INGESTION: Blood system effects; Testicular effects; Immune system effects; Liver effects; Lung effects; Kidney effects. ****Additional animal tests have shown: Testing on various cadmium compounds show: _1) Carcinogenic toxicity, tumors in laboratory animals; _2) Developmental effects only at exposure levels producing other toxic effects in adult animal; _3) Reproductive effects only at exposure levels producing other toxic effects in animal; _4) Genetic damage in bacterial and mammalian cell cultures, and in animals; _5) no permanent genetic damage in reproductive cells of mammals. of overexposure may include: BY SKIN CONTACT: Skin irritation with discomfort or rash; There are no reports of human sensitization; BY EYE CONTACT: Eye irritation with discomfort, tearing, or blurring of vision; BY SKIN ABSORPTION: Significant skin permeation appears unlikely; BY INHALATION: Nonspecific discomfort, e.g., nausea, headache or weakness; Dizziness; Irritation of the upper respiratory passages; Fever; BY INGESTION: Severe irritation of the gastrointestinal tract with nausea, vomiting, salivation, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and pain. ****Human effects of higher level acute, repeated or chronic overexposure may include: BY INHALATION: Fever; Malaise; Chest tightness; Chronic lung disorders with symptoms of lung insufficiency; Temporary lung irritation effects with cough, discomfort, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath; Pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) with cough, wheezing, abnormal lung sounds, possibly progressing to severe shortness of breath and bluish discoloration of the skin (symptoms might be delayed) requiring prompt medical attention; BY INHALATION OR INGESTION: Loss of sense of smell (anosmia); Stained teeth; Abnormal blood-forming system function with anemia; High blood pressure; Fatality can result from gross overexposure. ***In addition: BY INHALATION OR INGESTION: __ Repeated or long-term exposure to cadmium or its compounds, even at relatively low concentrations, may result in an increase risk of LUNG CANCER, PROSTATE CANCER, and/or KIDNEY DAMAGE.