PENNZOIL ROADSIDE FIX-A-FLAT

SECTION 2: Hazards identification

WARNING! CONTACT WITH WET OR DRY PORTLAND CEMENTS IS DANGEROUS AND MAY CAUSE SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION, CHEMICAL BURNS, AS WELL AS DAMAGE TO HUMAN TISSUE, INCLUDING EYES AND OTHER ORGANS. IN ADDITION, BREATHING CEMENT DUST OVER A PERIOD OF TIME MAY IN SOME CASES RESULT IN CANCER AND OTHER DISEASES.

2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture

SKIN CORROSION/IRRITATION — Category 1A SERIOUS EYE DAMAGE/ EYE IRRITATION — Category 1 SKIN SENSITIZATION — Category 1 CARCINOGENICITY/INHALATION — Category 1A SPECIFIC TARGET ORGAN TOXICITY (SINGLE EXPOSURE) [Respiratory tract irritation] — Category 3 (EXTENDED EXPOSURE) ) [Respiratory tract irritation] — Category 1 Page C1 of C78 Portland Cements

Signal word

Danger

Hazard statements

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage. May cause an allergic skin reaction. May cause respiratory irritation (Inhalation). May cause cancer (inhalation). EMERGENCY OVERVIEW:

Appearance/Odor

Gray to black or white powder. No odor Carcinogen, Acute & Chronic Toxin WARNING: • Portland Cements are NOT listed by the National Toxicology Program (NTP), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), or OSHA as carcinogens. However, Portland Cements may contain <0.1% sand or crystalline silica. The IARC classifies respirable crystalline silica as a Group I- Known Human Carcinogen. The NTP also lists respirable crystalline silica as a known carcinogen. Portland Cements may also contain trace amounts of hexavalent chromium, which is classified by IARC as a Group-1 Known Human Carcinogen and by NTP as a Known Carcinogen. OSHA REGULATORY STATUS: This product is considered HAZARDOUS by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).

Principle Routes of Exposure

Cement dusts Inhalation, Eye or Skin contact, or Ingestion. Wet cement: Skin and Eye contact TARGET ORGAN(S): Lungs, Skin, Eyes, Stomach/Intestines, other internal organs. EYE • Avoid eye contact. Exposure to dust may be irritating to the eyes and may impair vision. Exposure may result in conjunctivitis and inflammation of the mucous membrane covering the inner eyelid and front of the eyeball. • Particulates from Portland Cements, (dust), may cause eye irritation resulting in pain, swelling and inflammation of the eyes. • Contact with wet Portland Cements, e.g., unhardened cement, mortar or slurries, may cause caustic burns to the eyes. Page C2 of C78 Portland Cements • Calcium oxide compounds create severe burns as the compounds tend to react with the moisture and protein of the eyes, forming clumps of moist compounds that act as reservoirs for continued release of calcium hydroxide. WHEN WORKING WITH PORTLAND CEMENTS (WET OR DRY) ALWAYS WEAR PROTECTIVE EYEWEAR MEETING APPLICABLE OSHA STANDARDS. SKIN • Avoid skin contact. Exposure to cement dusts may be irritating to the skin by chemical or mechanical means. This condition may be aggravated by perspiration or moisture. • Contact with wet Portland Cements, e.g., unhardened cement, mortar or slurries, may cause severe skin irritation or chemical burns which may not be apparent or painful for 12 to 48 hours after exposures of 1 to 6 hours. This condition may be aggravated by perspiration or moisture. • Contact with wet Portland Cements may result in contact dermatitis, which is characterized by dryness, chapping, and reddening and, in some cases, may result in allergic contact dermatitis, which may in turn cause more frequent episodes and longer duration of skin conditions. • Skin sensitivity may occur if hexavalent chromium is present in the cement. • Skin contact with more hydrated forms of calcium sulfate may cause thermal burns during the hardening process. WHEN WORKING WITH PORTLAND CEMENTS (WET OR DRY) ALWAYS WEAR PROTECTIVE IMPERVIOUS CLOTHING, WATERPROOF GLOVES AND, IF APPROPRIATE, WATERPROOF KNEEPADS AND BOOTS, MEETING APPLICABLE OSHA STANDARDS. INHALATION • Avoid prolonged and repeated inhalation of cement dust. Acute and chronic exposure to dusts may be irritating to the respiratory tract and may provoke bronchoconstriction. • Respirable dusts can cause bothersome deposits in the nasal passages. Nuisance dusts cause toxicity from physical overloading of the respiratory clearance mechanisms. • Significant deterioration of pulmonary function, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema can develop with prolonged overexposure to high concentrations of dusts. • Continued overexposure to cement dust containing silica can result in silicosis, a chronic, progressive and sometimes fatal lung disease that is characterized by the presence of typical nodulation of the lungs leading to fibrosis. Silicosis can develop in weeks with high exposures and after years of lower exposure. Symptoms and signs of silicosis include cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, decreased pulmonary function, and changes in chest X-rays. Some studies have shown that respirable silica may also be associated with increased risk of autoimmune disorders, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease. • Particulates from cement dust may cause upper respiratory tract irritation resulting in coughing, production of phlegm, or difficulty breathing. Page C3 of C78 Portland Cements • Excessive, long-term inhalation of cement dusts may contribute to the development of occupational bronchitis and reduced breathing capacity, and may lead to the increased susceptibility to lung disease. • Chronic overexposure to dusts of Portland Cements has resulted in perforation of the nasal septum. • Exposure to calcium sulfate dust causes upper respiratory tract irritation primarily as a nuisance dust. • Respirable silica, and hexavalent chromium, which may be present in small or trace amounts in portland cements, are classified as known carcinogens. AVOID BREATHING CEMENT DUST. IF POSSIBLE, USE THESE PRODUCTS FROM AN UPWIND LOCATION. IF DUSTY CONDITIONS CANNOT BE AVOIDED, WEAR A NIOSH/MSHA APPROVED RESPIRATOR. INGESTION • Minute amounts accidentally ingested during industrial handling are not likely to cause injury. • Ingestion of Portland Cements may cause irritation of the mouth, throat, esophagus and stomach with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. • Ingestion may also cause mucosal burns of the mouth, esophagus, and stomach; and bezoar formations in the stomach and intestines. Most will pass spontaneously, but larger ones may cause obstruction and require surgical removal.

Medical Conditions Generally Aggravated by Exposure

Chronic exposure to nuisance dusts may enhance susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. • Silica can cause silicosis a chronic, progressive and sometimes fatal lung disease which, in turn, increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis infection. Some studies have shown that silica may also be associated with increased risk of autoimmune disorders, chronic kidney disease and end stage renal disease.. • Smoking may increase the risk of developing lung disorders associated with silicosis. Smoking and lung disease may exacerbate the effects of exposure. Genetic factors may also exacerbate the effects of exposure. • History of smoking is also a contributing factor in the chronic respiratory effects associated with cement dusts. • Exposure to Portland Cements can result in allergic contact dermatitis, which may in turn cause more frequent episodes and longer duration of skin conditions. • There have been several epidemiological studies suggesting an association between chronic exposure to Portland Cements and cancers. • Drying and chapping may make the skin more susceptible to other irritants, sensitizers and disease. Page C4 of C78 Portland Cements